function bpsk(x,fc,fs,br)
%x is received signal input file usually *.mat file
%fc is carrier frequency in Hz
%fs is sampling frequency in Hz
%br is bitrate in Hz
%the command should be like this:
%load input file
onebit=fs/br; %number of samples per bit n=(length(x)-1)/onebit; %number of bits transmitted b=onebit; c=1; k=[]; for m=1:n; %iteration from 1 to number of bits y=x(c:b); % take the needed signal for one bit q=cos(2*pi*((c:b)-1)*fc/fs); %reference signal for Quadrature i=-cos(2*pi*((c:b)-1)*fc/fs); %reference signal for Inphase a=y.*q; % (received signal) . (reference signal for Quadrature) d=y.*i; % (received signal) . (reference signal for Inphase) t= sum(a)-sum(d); %constellation if t>0; p=ones(1,onebit); %create output (1)
When I first ran the coding, the program was not working. Using the debugger, I found out that the program was not reading the file. By looking into the variables, I noticed that the some data were missing. The following is the list of my correction to fix the coding.
3.1 Using the program shown in Figure 3.30 explain what the output will be at Line A.
In Timeliness, the quantization of data transmission delay is to be calculated by the formula rt= 1-e^(t-t0)f where t0 represents the time of acquisition, t represents the time of data and f represents the frequency of the data
In section (B) the value of path loss exponent (n=2,3,4) and distance of the range(0.1 to 5.0) were changed in the same log-distance equation to get the received out power in dB and were plotted on the graph, which also signifies that increase in the distance reduces the received out power.
P3.M2. Under this criteria I will describe and assess the social implications of business ethics facing KFC Company in its different activity areas.
The Bluetooth baseband protocol is a combination of circuit and packet switching. Time slots can be reserved for synchronous packets. A frequency hop is done for each packet that is transmitted. A packet nominally covers a single time slot, but can be extended to cover up to five slots. [1]
Bluetooth is a wireless short-range communication system introduced to connect portable electronic devices. Bluetooth has developed a world wide and open short-range radio specification aiming at communication between the Internet and Net devices, it defines the communication protocols between computers and various other devices. In order to make the various devices like computers other or related equipments more user friendly, there will always be a strong need for better method for all the electronic devices to communicate using low-power and short-ranged wireless links. . The technology uses Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum (FHSS) Communication in 2.4-GHz industrial,scientific, and medical band, in which devices are allowed to communicate.
In the above code, first a connection is established with a specific Bluetooth device, that is, to the device with 01:23:45:67:89:AB. sdp_connect function in the earlier section (4.1.6) is used to achieve this.
Alamouti’s coding includes 2 transmitting and 2 receiving antennas. The h matrix for this type would be 2x2 matrix. The transmission rate is also optimized to the full capacity as it transmits 2 signals in 2 time slots. The full data rate can be achieved in this coding technique.
Y2 2= h21 (-X2*) + h22(X1*) + n22 (second time slot receive data in RX2) (10)
gain but decoding complexity is very high. To avoid this, STBCs have been proposed by the effort work of Alamouti for transmit diversity and later Vahid Tarokh, Hamid Jafarkhani and Robert Calderbank made their contributions.[1-3]. This code gives better second order diversity when used with a single receive antenna and fourth order diversity when used with two antennas at the receiver side. But, it is only half rate, because it only transmits two symbols using the two time slots and two transmit antenna.
3 Working of Bluetooth 3.1 How Bluetooth Works? . . . . . 3.2 Communication Routes . . . . . 3.2.1 How Timeslots are Used 3.2.2 Frequency Hopping . . . 3.3 The Communications channels .
parameter lpm_hint = "UNUSED"; input clock; input clken; input aclr; input [lpm_widtha-1:0] dataa; input [lpm_widthb-1:0] datab; input [lpm_widths-1:0] sum; output [lpm_widthp-1:0] result;
GNU Radio is a free and open source software development toolkit that provides signal processing blocks to implement software radios. This free software toolkit for
The Base Transceiver Station has the radio transceivers that defines a cell and handles the radio link protocol with the Mobile Station. The BTS transmit and receive signals realizing the communication between radio system and Mobile Station.