Outline and evaluate Bruce and Young's theory of face recognition

Firstly, structural encoding includes view-centred descriptions and expressionindependent descriptions. View-centred descriptions derive from visual input and provide information for expression analysis, facial speech analysis, and directed visual processing. To recognize an individual by the face, view-centred descriptions have to translate into expressionindependent descriptions those in turn active face recognition units. Some people with prosopagnosia may be due to impaired structural encoding for faces, and they show failure in perceptual face processing tasks. In fact, they are unable to make any sense of faces (eg. age or gender) and judge whether two faces are same.

Some of the long term effects that are stated in the article Long Term Effects of Brain Injuries are server problems with attention and short-term memory, having difficulty performing daily tasks, and feeling “slower” overall are just some of the thing that I’ve learn to deal with on a day-to-day basis.

In this particular case study, an eight year old child named Al, was diagnosed with Prosopagnosia. The analysis cultivated that Al was unable to achieve perceptions of faces for both

The authors of this paper are interested in the psychological basis of the behavioural avoidance of people with facial disfigurement. Specifically, they are interested in how people respond to individuals with facial birth marks.

A face could do many things to a person and affect how people think of them and how people think of them can change how they act. Normal face or not seen every day face, you should never be judged by how you look and you don’t look like everyone else. This is shown in the very well made book “Wonder” a Novel by Raquel J. Palacio. A quote said later in the book implying that the “main” character doesn’t feel good with his face, he doesn’t mind people looking at him, but he doesn’t like it because of what people keep saying about it. The quote is “I wish every day could be halloween.

In adults, three variables were used to test the other-race effect on facial recognition: orientation, face type and ethnicity. Adults at least 18 years of age and older (N = 64) were asked to recognize upright and inverted adult and infant faces. Recognition was tested using a forced-choice procedure. 4 slides were shown during a trial to make sure participants understood the instructions. Next, participants viewed 48 slides with faces alternating between adult female and infant faces; first segment each face was upright, second segment faces were inverted. The results of the study found that there was no significance between race and facial recognition. Other research conducted has shown that race does in fact have a significant effect on facial recognition.

This implies that bilateral and unilateral hippocampus does not contribute majorly to familiarity and recollection of unknown human’s faces.

Capgras syndrome is often times confused with prosopagnosia, an impairment in the recognition of faces, this however, is not the same thing. (Prosopagnosia, 2016, July 1) Most of the time people with prosopagnosia can see the same face many times, but still can’t recognize who it is,

Overly, the model provides coherent explanation of many kind of information about faces and how they relate to each other. It provides evidence about significant differences in processing of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nonetheless there are limitations. For instance, there is not enough information about processing unfamiliar faces. Burton et al. (1999)

Individuals who suffer from developmental prosopagnosia have had impairments of face recognition since birth; nonetheless they have no sign of any neurological damage in their brain (Bate, Haslam, Jansari, & Hodgson, 2009, p. 392). Schmalzl, Palermo, Harris, & Coltheart (2009), stated that “the perception and recognition of faces is one of the most important function of our visual system, and given its importances face processing has become one of the more prominent areas of reseach in cognitive neuroscience” (p. 287). Sensory basis for prosopagnosia are important to be looked at, because it tells you what areas of the brain are associated.

According to Eskelund, MacDonald, and Anderson (2015), when we look at a person’s face features we are perceiving their identity, expression, along with their speech. Eskelund, MacDonald, and Anderson (2015) look into auditory speech perception through audiovisual integration and its correlation with the McThatcher effect (the orientation of the eyes and mouth on an inverted face). The reason for this is to see if the Thatcher illusion disrupts visual speech perception.

Bruce and Young’s theory of recognition tells us that human’s extract several kinds of information from faces; and that there are eight different components of such information. Such as structural encoding, expression analysis, facial speech analysis, directed visual processing, face recognition nodes,

Abstract- In this paper, I investigated some of the models of computational neuroscience used in the face recognition field. The model to be discussed is HMAX model. The paper contains what HMAX model is, how it is derived in terms of biological background, and how it is being used for facial recognition. Also, I simulated the simplified version of the model in MATLAB. The simulation of the simplified version verified one cell in the highest hierarchy covers the entire retinal space of the given image.

Most of the developed methods try to recognize the basic expressions and some attempts at recognizing non-basic expressions. However, there have been very few attempts at recognizing the temporal dynamics of the face. Temporal dynamics denotes to the timing and time length of facial actions. The significant terms that are used in joining with temporal dynamics are: onset, apex and offset. These are known as the temporal segments of an expression [40]. Onset is the instance when the facial expression starts, apex is the point when the expression is at its peak and offset is when the expression fades away (start-of-offset is when the expression starts to fade, and the end-of-offset is when the expression completely fades out). Similarly, onset-time is defined as the time taken from start to the peak, apex-time is defined as the complete time at the peak and offset-time is defined as the total time from a peak to the stop. Pantic and Patras have reported successful recognition of facial AUs and their temporal segments [2]. By doing so, they have been able to recognize a much larger range of expressions.

Face recognition is a technology that is capable of identifying a person from a multimedia object such as a