Brief background of Philippine Airlines
> Founded in 1941 and based in Pasay City, The Philippine Airlines is the country's ultimate flag carrier and oldest airlines. The monopolization of the airline occurred in 1995 when Lucio Tan, an affluent Chinese-Filipino businessman purchased the airline and became its chairman and CEO.
. Global competition in the industry
> Threat to new entrants:
In spite of the low switching costs and the absence of proprietary goods and services, generally speaking, there is a low threat to new entrants in the airline industry. The huge amount of capital make reprisals against new entrants through a price drop. This is evident among existing companies. Despite low switching costs, customer loyalty prevails
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The complexity of airplanes magnify competition and high fixed costs yield difficulty in forsaking the industry. Nonetheless, brand differentiation of various airlines de-escalate competition. Service differentiation, for instance, is the Philippine Airline's trademark. Allowances for excess baggage and the hospitality of flight attendants are a reflection of the Filipino culture. The intensity of price competition is indisputable among domestic airlines such as Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific. The air promos and red eye flights of Cebu Pacific appeal to budget conscious passengers.
. POLITICAL & LEGAL
> The Establishment, Operation, Maintenance and Franchise of the Philippine Airlines is reflected on Presidential Decree No. 1590, which has been established under the regime of the former president Ferdinand Marcos. The provision of similar laws and rights for airline passengers have been constituted three years ago. The Air Passenger Bill of Rights is a product of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the Department of Transportation and Communication's collaboration. One of the ultimate goals of the Philippine government is to have a tourism boost of 10% by next year
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The threat of new entry is high because there are no significant barriers of entry in the airline industry. For example, airplanes can be easily leased, defraying the large initial capital investment. Additionally, exit cost in the business is
Cathay Pacific might present a complementary budget airlines subsidiary or alliance which offers essential carrier services with a lower fare. It will broaden its market share through an affordable price. This option extends its proportion of the entire industrial sales through minimum investments with maximum profitability. But it might be blemished likewise because the brand of C.P. was not initiated for budget traveling.
The “ Battle Of The Air” has been used to describe current situation in the airline industry. The emergence of “ No Frills “ discount carriers such as Air Asia, Mahlindo, Firefly have threatened the survival of the traditional giants such as MAS, SIA, Thai Airways in the APAC regions and even the Big Boys across the continents such as United, Delta, Continental, Luftansa, Emirates and US Airway ( Myron J.Smith, 2012 ) face competition
Overall, the five forces model suggests that the overall intensity of competition in the airline industry is likely to be severe. Back in the early 1980 's competition was very intense. During the late 1980 's the monopolization of major routes by a few major carriers, the limited availability of free landing spots at major hubs and the emergence of limited brand loyalty and tacit price agreements have all helped reduce the intensity of competition. However, as already mentioned, slumping demand in the early 1990 's plunged the industry once more into a severe price war. Airline travel is a commodity-type product, with limited potential for differentiation.
American Airlines, Inc. (AA) is a major airline of the United States. It is the world's largest airline in regards to accumulated passenger miles. American Airlines took off on April 15, 1926 when Charles Lindbergh flew a bag of mail from Chicago to St. Luis in a DH-4 biplane. A year later the first passenger flight flew from Boston to New York, heralding the real first passenger airplane travel by American Airlines. A subsidiary of AMR Corporation, the head quarters of American Airlines is in Fort Worth, Texas adjacent to the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. American operates scheduled flights throughout the United States and flights to Canada, Latin America, the Caribbean, Europe, Japan, the
The risk of entry into the airline industry by potential competitors is low due to the “liberalization of market access, a result of globalization. According to the IATA (International Air Transport Association), about 1,300 new airlines were established in the last 40 years,” (Cederholm, 2016). The cost structure of businesses in an industry is a determinant of rivalry. In the Airlines Industry, fixed costs are high, because before the organization can make any sales, they must invest in air crafts, fuel and service employees. These items come attached with hefty price tags. Industries that require such enormous amounts of start-up capital as predicted by many analysts
Because of the deregulation of the government policy, there are a number of new airlines that entered the industry at first. However the most significant barrier to entry that new entrants face is significant post-entry competition from existing major airlines. The existing market is already saturate. In order to open market the new entrances have to lower the price of their limited routes. But they are facing the stronger competitor who can provide lower price on the same routes while create profit on the other non-competing routes.
Hard to compete against the large airlines not only for customers but space at the airports for their airplanes.
American airline industry is steadily growing at an extremely strong rate. This growth comes with a number economic and social advantage. This contributes a great deal to the international inventory. The US airline industry is a major economic aspect in both the outcome on other related industries like tourism and manufacturing of aircraft and its own terms of operation. The airline industry is receiving massive media attention unlike other industries through participating and making of government policies. As Hoffman and Bateson (2011) show the major competitors include Southwest Airlines, Delta Airline, and United Airline.
Market structure can be defined as patterns of behaviour by enterprises in an effort to adjust to the markets in which they operate (buy or sell). Pricing strategies and collusive behaviour mergers are a few dimensions of market conduct. It is the industry norm for a legacy carrier to offer service to most popular destinations; Delta reducing routes to a similar schedule as the low-cost airlines is not an option in the multi-billion dollar industry. In order to gain market share from low-cost airlines, Delta must create a value proposition that differentiates itself from its competitors. Many customers will pay a premium if the level of service provided is higher than the low-cost, no-frills
To formulate a strategy that will help Southwest Airlines maintain its competitive edge in the US airline industry.
The airline industry has always been a fiercely competitive sector. Since the invention of low-cost carriers, also known as no-frills or
US Airways completed a merger in December 2013 . This merger provided much needed cash infusion into American Airlines, enabling it to emergency from
The Airline Industry is in an interesting situation. Simply adding a low cost alternative is not enough in the industry. The Internet has made the power of buyers grow with the transparency of ticket prices. This is not something that will change any time soon. Because of this profitability is predominately reserved for low-cost yet distinctive carriers. No consumer wants to ride what they consider a “lesser” airline. Airlines need a way to distinguish themselves from one another while also acknowledging the increased power of buyers.
Philippine Airlines (PAL) began life with a noble mission: to serve as a partner in