Physics of Neurons Essay

3.The long tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells on the neuron is the axon.

Neurons, nerve cells, have three basic parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Neurons transmit signals to other nerve cells and throughout the body. They are simple components in the nervous system. The cell body includes the nucleus, which is the control center of the neuron. The dendrite branches off the cell body and receives information. The axon is attached to the cell body and sends information away from the cell body to other cells. When the axon goes through myelination, the axon part of the neuron becomes covered and insulated with fat cells, myelin sheath. This increases the speed and efficiency of information processing in the nervous system. Synapse are gaps between neurons, this is where connections between the axons and dendrites.

Neurons (also known as neurons, nerve cells and nerve fibers) are electrically excitable and the most important cells in the nervous system that functions to process and transmit information. Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes extending out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical messages from other neurons.

If we talk more about how can the Neurons make the brain works, we would have to mention something else, Neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters are a type of chemical in our body that transfer signals from one neuron to another Neuron, their shapes are determined by the arrangements of their atoms, and there are different types of Neurotransmitters, each type has its own particular shape.

In the brain, neurons communicate between each other and with target cells via a great numbers of chemicals they release, so called neurotransmitters. A signal in the brain is sent from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic cell through synaptic transmission, allowing the brain to process information in a rapid way. (Südhof, Starke and Boehm, 2008)

Nerve impulse is transmitted across synapse, which is the area between two adjacent neuron through the neurotransmitter; a chemical conducting substance. The presynaptic neuron-neuron that relays impulses toward the synapse releases neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles through the plasma membrane to the synaptic cleft, where they attach to protein on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neuron-neuron that relays impulses away from the synapse through the work of the action potential. This carries the electrical impulse from the first neuron axon to the synapse at the boutons(synaptic knobs) (McCance & Heuther, 2014).

The action potential is connected to the end of the axon, which is a tube that extends from the soma and branches out. The action potential starts where it ends at the end of the axon and travels down to the terminal button, which contains synaptic vesicles. The synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters once they are synthesized. Once that is done, the neurotransmitters releases from the presynaptic neuron, this is the neuron that transmits the message, and sends a message to the postsynaptic neuron. After the action potential gets to the terminal button, voltage dependent calcium goes to the presynaptic membrane and opens while calcium comes into the cell. The calcium hen connects to the synaptic vesicles and causes the vesicles to break and

The dendrites pick up the signal and activate the neuron's action potential that shoots an electric charge down the axon to its terminals and towards neighboring neurons. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles inside the terminal button of the axon; the vesicles are transported to the edge of the button and the neurotransmitters released into the synaptic gap. In the synapse, neurotransmitters can bind with a receptor site on the next neuron if the receptor site is the right type and is vacant. This is often described by a lock and key analogy, in that the neurotransmitters (like keys) can only fit into certain receptor sites (like

1c. Dendrites are what receive the electrical and chemical messages such as neurotransmitters, and the axons send information and release neurotransmitters. Dendrites are attached to the cell body, and the axon could be seen as a long tail extending from the cell body.

They carry action potentials between the neurons within the central nervous system involved in reflexes. They can be stimulated by the signals which are sent to them from the sensory neurons. The interneurons may be able to receive information from the outside or the inside of the environment. There are the axons and also the dendrites which are present, these are limited to single brain area. The axon may be long or short. The interneurons can be found in the central nervous system and they release impulses between the neurons. There are three different types of relay neuron; these are the unipolar, this is a single prominent process from the cell body. Then there is bipolar, this is when there are two prominent processes from the cell body. Finally there is multipolar, this is when there are many processes from the cell body. However none of these processes are

The neuron consists of dendrites that receive information and transmit it along the axon. The signal

The axon does the opposite of the dendrites, and carries information into the cell body. The signals traveling through the axon are electrical impulses. The Node of Ranvier is a gap between two myelin sheaths. It allows water and waste to pass through the neuron. It also can generate electricity. The Myelin sheath protects the axon from any interactions with cells, atoms, or molecules outside the cell. Finally, the signal reaches the axon terminal bundle, it acts as a stimulus for the synaptic knobs. The nerve impulse reaches the knob, and a neurotransmitter is released, and it spreads to bind the receptors in/on the membrane leading to a nerve impulse in that cell.

According to the book, “neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transfer signals across the synapse”(pg48). The synapse is a junction between two neurons where the axon bulb of a neuron focused receptor sites into other neurons. According to Eroglu & Barres, We have a large number of synapses; the current estimates are more than 100 trillion synapses in the human brain . There is a neural structure in the brain that is complex, therefore synapses occur at several places along a neuron (dendrites, cell body, axon). There is also the axon that carries potentials information form the cell body to the synapse. When a signal is sent at a synapse, there is a calculable distance called synaptic gap, between the presynaptic (sending) and the

Chapter two of our textbook explains the cells of the nervous system and nerve impulses. The nervous system consists on two types of cells: neurons and glia. “Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells” (Kalat 28) . Glia do not transmit information, but they have many different types with many different functions (Kalat 33) . Dendrites and axons both branch off from the neuron. Dendrites receive information from other neurons and axons send the information to other neurons (Kalat 30) . Dendrites and axons “can change their branching patterns as a function of experience, age, and chemical influences” (Kalat 27). Each adult has an estimate of 100 billion neurons in their brain alone (Kalat 28).

The brain is the hub of the human (Homo sapiens) body’s abilities, the control center of every bodily function. Brain cells, more formally known as neurons, are the brain’s way of communication. Neurons communicate by sending and receive a message from another neuron using axons and dendrites (PubMed Health). An axon is the thread like piece of the neuron that allows the conduction of electrical impulses to other nerve cells. At the end of the axon, the electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal, and the axon releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters are released into the space between the end of an axon and the tip of a dendrite from another neuron. After travelling the short distance, the neurotransmitter