Polg Gene Case Study

In my previous experiences and conversations with various individuals, the overall interpretation or misconception of bipolar disease is that the person is “”crazy. What do people really consider or mean by the term crazy? As displayed by Team B’s behavior presentation, Bipolar disorder

Some experts believe this disease is related to the inhalation of pesticides, while others believe it results from the inhalation of chemical elements such as copper, lead, or manganese. It has been linked to heredity. It is believed that 15% of those diagnosed with the disease have a family history of the mutated gene. Scientists believe there are two types of carriers for this gene that determines a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease. The first type of carrier guarantees a diagnosis, whereas the second type of carrier only increases the chance of being diagnosed. This theory has yet to be

These include motor neuron disease, corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy and FTDP-17 (FTD with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17).

Affecting 1 in every 18,000 people, Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a genetic disease that destroys the myelin sheath surrounding a brain neuron. A brain neuron is an essential cell body that is responsible for muscle contractions and ultimately, our ability to move. Adrenoleukodystrophy is a devastating genetic mutation that affects X-chromosomes in both males and females. However, because males only have one X-chromosome, the outcome is catastrophic.

In the United Kingdom alone, 150 new born children per year suffer from life threatening, mitochondrial diseases. These diseases vary in severity from person to person, making them difficult to diagnose, and they inflict an array of ailments such as neurological problems, muscle weakness, visual or auditory impairments, heart, liver, and kidney disease,

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of the disorder and how genetics and biochemistry work together to create this

AAT deficiency is caused by a genetic defect (gene mutation). The gene mutation is passed from parent to child (inherited). The disease typically develops only if a person inherits the defective gene from each parent.

A permanent change in a gene that can be passed on to children. The rare, early-onset familial

At present, there is no cure for the disease, but dynamic progress has been made as researchers explore this illness. HD is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. In March 1993, scientists realized that HD is caused by a mutation in a gene located on chromosome 4. This gene has a unique genetic sequence for CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) and codes for the amino acid glutamine, a building block for the huntingtin pr otein. Normal individuals have this sequence duplicated from 11 to 40 times in their genetic coding without having symptoms of HD. However, individuals with the disease have from 40 up to 100 repeated CAG segments. Juvenile Huntington's Disease occurs wit h 60 or more repeats, linking the longer chains of CAG sequences to earlier and more aggressive onset of the disease.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder that causes the affected individuals to appear older than what they are. Individuals are able to be affected by this disorder as earlier as a their first few months of life. There have been reported cases of infection seen in the fetus. Characteristics of progeria include limited growth such as short stature and low body weight, full body hair loss, and facial features that resemble an aged person. This genetic disorder can lead to other health complications such as degeneration of bone mass and tissue, scleroderma, kidney failure, loss of eye sight, atherosclerosis, and severe cardiovascular problems. There is a genetic test to diagnosis the disorder at a younger age called HGPS. Currently, there is no cure or treatment for the disease. However, patients can undergo certain surgeries such as

A dysfunction of an enzyme in the peroxisome leads to the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in several areas (several areas of what?) including the central nervous tissue(CNS). The accumulation of VLCFA is toxic leading to the death of neuroglial cells like the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Astrocytes in normal conditions regulate the composition of the blood-barrier in the central nervous system; The olygodendorocytes form the myelin sheath that covers the axons and facilitate the effective propagation of action terminals from the neuron to the target cells (Amerman 390). This disorder (what disorder) is caused by a mutation in the ABCD1 gene of the X-chromosome, it causes the demyelination of the neurons in the CNS inhibiting the integration of the information from sensory stimuli and the proper response to them, causing eventually death. X-linked disorders are present are a wide variety of phenotypes, CCALD is the most common and presents only on boys between the age of 4 and 12. CCALD is a rapidly progressive disease, its deteriorates the patient health in a matter of years, and due to its complexity, its commonly misdiagnosed (Engelen).

A. Dominant pathogenic mutations display their traits despite another copy remains present. The lethal form of keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is caused by the reversion of the GJB2 nonsense mutation p.Tyr136X that would otherwise have confined the effect of another dominant lethal mutation, p.Gly45Glu, in the same allele

Dr. Janniger, a Pediatrician at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School asserts that elevated AFP is the most constant marker for Ataxia-Telangiectasia (2007). Normally, AFP is a fetal protein made in a fetus’s liver and should drop off near or within a year of birth (Blaese, Stiehm, Bonilla, & Younger, 2013). This AFP level is elevated in 95% of patients with AT, after age 18-24 months (Blaese et al., 2013). Additionally, an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the cerebellum or chest would be indicative of AT by about the age of 10; cerebral white matter demyelination and microhemorrhages would be evident (Janniger, 2017). The cerebellum would have also lost much of its volume (Chun & Gatti, 2004). Tavani describes the MRI of 19 patients on AT and correlate the appearance of these scans with the degree of neurologic deficit, the timing of which can be crucial in determining life expectancy or if an alternative diagnosis is needed (Tavani, Zimmerman, Berry, Sullivan, Gatti, &Binghmam, 2003). The team found there was a noted progression of cerebellar atrophy from the lateral areas to the superior areas over time (Tavani et al., 2003). Other laboratory findings, in addition to elevated AFP and diagnostic MRI scans, include immunological deficiencies such as low T cell levels, low IgA, IgE, and IgG, chromosomal aberrations, sensitivity to radiation, defects of cell cycle checkpoints,

During this situation, discipline was used so that orders were obeyed and regulations were followed. The role and need for discipline was shown in this study. During this chase the police officer from the case study “pc Greg Parry” needed discipline to follow orders from control whether to carry on with the chase or not. Another way they may have needed discipline was needed, is when the officer needed to follow regulations such as the conduct and behaviour over the radio when communicating with other officers, on where the chase is heading. Although they also needed to follow regulations in terms of conduct and behaviour on the roads while driving at the speeds that they were travelling, as well there are different tick boxes that the officer

In this study, the authors discovered a new gene mutation implicated in the onset of Leigh syndrome, a neurodegenerative disease caused by lesions in multiple parts of the central nervous system. The gene mutation was found in a girl with first-cousin parents. Since the girl did not contain mutations of the existing candidate genes for Leigh disease, whole-exome sequence was used to search for a novel homozygous mutation. It was discovered that the patient has a missense mutation in SLC25A46, a gene that codes for a mitochondrial metabolite carrier protein. The authors wanted to determine the role that mutant SLC25A46 has on causing Leigh syndrome. In addition, the authors wanted to make clear the molecular functions of wild-type SLC24A46.