Political Ideologies In The 1930's

President Hoover believed that too much intervention by the government would destroy American individuality and self-reliance, which he thought were

President Roosevelt believed that political equality that everyone enjoy has no meaning if the economical fruits enjoyed by only privileged people at the top. He wanted government to intervene in the economy to take steps to balance the economic opportunity for everyone. It was time of Great Depression and unemployment was reaching at the highest level. President Roosevelt took several steps to address the economic issues. He created WPA act to provide jobs to unemployed people. He signed Social Security Act and Wagner Act for treating workers fairly and to give guaranteed pensions to American people.

In the Progressive Era, the crises that our country faced were problems that were associated with immigration, urbanization, government corruption, and industrialization. In the 1930s, the Great Depression and newly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal era, the main crises that our country faced were problems associated with economic collapse, poverty, and implementing new social programs to combat issues caused by the devastating economic conditions. Amid both the Progressive Era and the New Deal Era, programs and policies were being made with the goal of helping the American public, particularly those enduring impoverished conditions. All through the mid 1900's Roosevelt had strayed far from the ordinary "laissez-faire" approach and chose that the general population would need to be led by the government.

During the 1930’s when Fascism was at it height, populist art fought against the domination of fascism by diverting the fashionable ideals of fascism with the ideas of populism. The US was producing popular art in its populous country to share the rest of the world as an attempt to ward off the Fascists. They decided to distract everybody from Fascism by art, film, dance, etc. that appealed to the similar but different enough ideals of populism and democracy.

Towards the end of the 1920’s the economy in America took a drastic turn. This was when Calvin Coolidge’s presidency had ended and changes in the government began to take place. “Just seven months after Herbert Hoover entered the White House, economic trouble mocked his campaign statement about being near ‘the final triumph over poverty.’ On October 24, 1929 panic swept the New York Stock Exchange as nearly 13 million shares changed hands” (Hamilton). The start to Hoover’s presidency was also the start of the Great Depression. His term consisted heavily on working on taking steps to bring America out of the drastic economic fall that they had just entered. He began taking action by launching public works programs, tax reductions, and the formation

globalized the Great Depression. Countries or colonies tied to exporting one or two products were especially hard-hit. Depending on a single crop or product rendered these societies vulnerable.

Hoover was beginning to demonstrate conservative beliefs even before the onset of the Great Depression. Document A shows Hoover’s wish to avoid being thought of as a complete supporter of laissez-faire ideas. He appeared irresolute when it came to preserving the capitalistic society of the 1920s. During this time, society was managed by corrupt political bosses, such as Tweed. The American economy had flourished under the private interest policies of Harding and Coolidge, which forced Hoover to promise the American people that he would not abandon the laissez-faire economics, which had been so successful during past presidencies. Hoover was sure, however, that working class Americans would not be opposed to restricting unfair business practices. Documents B and C depict Hoover’s lack of support for private interest or public purpose policies. In these documents, Hoover stresses the significance of individual interests

The political shifts in American history during the last two centuries are often explained by Arthur Schlesinger's cyclical explanation of eras of public purpose followed by private interest. What is considered liberal versus what is considered conservative shifts in a similar pattern. While laissez-faire policies are considered liberal in the Roaring 20's, the onset of the Great Depression in

Contrarily before the Depression, there were signs that pointed to President Herbert Hoover becoming more conservative. Document A suggests that Herbert Hoover didn't want' do be considered strictly laissez-faire. Document A proposes that Herbert Hoover wanted to liberalism to be found not " in striving to spread bureaucracy but striving to set its bounds, " but also wanted The United States to know that, " he doesn't want to be misinterpreted as believing that the Untied States ins a free for all, or system of laissez-faire." Hoover appeared as if he was less determined to preserve the capitalistic society of the 1920's seeing that he argued that capitalism also has social obligations. However, the success of the American economy under presidents Hading and Coolidge who believed in private interest beliefs required him to make sure that the lack of intervention in the economy would be maintained. Also Hoover began to sense of the public disapproval and transformation of the working masses and public views. The public mass began to start looking favorably on restriction of unfair business practices. This transformation of the public opinion gave president Hoover trouble since he wasn't completely dedicated to the private interest or public purpose.

Hoover believes in the Jeffersonian, American dream that working for yourself is the ultimate form of liberty. Coming from an harsh background as an orphan, he rose by graduating from Stanford University with a degree in geology and mining engineering. From his travels worldwide to extract mineral deposits, he made a name for himself in the US and became a multimillionaire, warranting his claim that the American dream of merit is true and that he was an exemplar of it. In addition, he says this in response to Roosevelt’s New Deal that involved jobs for the unemployed to create public infrastructures such as schools, roads, bridges, etc. Hoover overly criticizes this part of the New Deal and compares it to slavery as the people are not really working for themselves, but for someone else.

Roosevelt saw the federal government as the protector of the family, the home, to establish democracy of opportunity, and to help those in need affected by disaster. He felt that the government had an obligation to fulfill to its people by offering them economic equality and political equality. He criticized the economic royalists for hiding behind the flag. “In vain they seek to hide behind the flag and the Constitution. In their blindness, they forget what the flag and the Constitution stand for.

Politically, the United States was on the fence about capitalism because of the depression, leading to FDR’s election. The impact that was had politically because of that was his creation of the New Deal and his expansionary fiscal policy to correct the market. So while the Great Depression was a painful time, it had a lot of impact on the United States as a whole, then, and

The economic crisis that showed all the contradictions of capitalism led to an increase of a deep political crisis in the USA in late 1920?s. October 29, 1929 is known in the American history as the Black Tuesday. It was the date, when the American stock market collapsed. In such economically difficult situation, in November 1932, a regular presidential election took place. The Democrat Franklin Roosevelt, who spoke with the program the New Deal, came to presidency. It was a series of social liberal programs applied in the United States in 1933-1938 in response to the Great Depression. The New Deal was focused on three main principles: relief, recovery, and reform.[footnoteRef:1] They promised to bring the country to prosperity and economically stable future. However, the Conservatives criticized the New Deal during the whole period of the reforms. It was expressed by Herbert Hoover in Anti-New Deal Campaign Speech in 1936 and Minnie Hardin in 1937 in a Letter to Eleanor Roosevelt. [1: (notes)]

The roaring twenties was a time filled with hope and change. President Warren G. Harding promised a “return to normalcy”, which reflected his own conservative values and the voters’ wants for stability and order. Americans felt that they had been through more than enough, and desired prosperity. During the years 1919 and 1920 the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments were passed; the outlaw of alcoholic beverages and the right for women to vote, which ones of the many reasons society was turning their backs on Progressivism. Republicans were beginning to return to their previous dominance. The 1920’s was an economic boom for America, including everything from an increase in jobs, a rise in plentiful goods, new consumer products, and the reduction of taxes. The country was filled with jazz music, dance, and what appeared to be a brighter future. The 1929 crash of stock market was the beginning of a downward spiral leading in to the Great Depression. The stock market crash is often to be confused as the cause of the Great Depression, although that is false. A few of the issues that lead to the Great Depression included; farming (which decreased in demand as farms increased through the states during World War I), banking, and mass unemployment. Capitalism took shape as what was once the individualistic Protestant work ethic was reshaped into industrial work on a grand scale. Each worker contributed to the greater good, and the workers were presided over by a boss

“True individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence. People who are hungry and out of a job are the stuff of which dictatorships are made of “, Franklin D. Roosevelt. This statement made by Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that calling for government intervention in the economy in order, to help provide relief, which was to provide jobs to the unemployed and to help protect farmers from foreclosure, recovery in order, to revive the economy back up and reform that was needed to regulate the banks, to abolish child labor and to protect the farm lands during the Great Depression. By doing so, Roosevelt demanded for the government to increase taxes for the wealthy, instituted social security, implemented a new control