Population-Based Studies

The essential components of an effective control program for sexually transmitted diseases is surveillance and epidemiological studies (Catchpole, M. A., 1996). Epidemiology is the study of the distribution (descriptive) and determinants (analytical) of disease in human population (Fleming, S.

The individuals that participated for this study used a format that was more of an open-response type report during a 4 months period time frame. We used: male and female sexual partners, they had to account how many times they times they had unprotected vaginal sex (e.g., not using a condoms), they also had to answer how many time they had unprotected vaginal and anal sex, with either a mates that was in jail, prison or normal every day citizen. They also had to answer if any form of alcohol or drugs where used before or after sexual contact, and the total number of partners (different partners) they were engage with.

SCENARIO: A psychologist is planning to conduct a study that would examine pathological liars and the quality of their romantic relationships. You have been asked to provide the psychologist with a recommendation for which research method should be used to gather data on the pathological liars and their spouses.

In order to assess the degree to which STI was associated with multiple demographic, sexual and behavioural variables, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. Chi-square analyses were conducted during

3. Sample Population: Who exactly was used in the study? How many? (Be as specific as possible.)

The passage of many STDs such as gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus infection, HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, and syphilis are caused mainly by unprotected sex, however few rare cases have been known to be spread through osculation, without social standards in place to enforce the views of a structural functionalist, social or “pleasure sex” will continue to be widely abused and unprotected.

The appointed epidemiologist fulfilled these functions by collecting data, providing risk factors, and providing recommendations about the cause of disease to the public. The World Health Organization (2015) states, “A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.” (World Health Organization, 2015) There are several risk factors associated with the spread of HIV which include, the practice of engaging in vaginal, anal, or oral sex in conjunction with having numerous and unspecified partners, while not using a condom. If people have a

The given article uses a rather complex method in order to obtain crude data in the given counties regarding the demographics of the population and to locate the target specimens required to conduct the research. According to Quandt (2009), “the method involves

Sexual transmitted diseases - (STD) also known as sexually transmitted infection, affect men and women of all ages, races, educational levels, and religious beliefs. STDs are often more sever in women than in men, because they are more likely to be more asymptomatic of the signs and symptoms that appear later in the disease curse in women than in men. (Matteucci, R (2015) Lack of these symptoms in women associated with having a STD leads to late diagnosis and treatment, which in return leads to increased complications.

The participants used a 0=no and 1=yes format to answer specific questions pertaining to their sexual practices. In order to calculate the overall score, the researchers used a risky sex index. In this particular research, sex was defined as either oral or vaginal sex (Viosin, Tan, Tack, Wade, DiClemente, 2012). The researches did not include anal sex into the definition, which in this study will be important to measure because it is still possible to receive an STD through anal sex. In a similar study, Huang et al. measured the degree of parental monitoring by asking four questions posed to the adolescents about their parents (Huang, Murphy, Hser, 2011). In another study, sexual measures were recoded using variables where 0=never engaged in the risk behavior and 1=engaged in the sexual risk behavior at least one time (King, Voisin, & DiClemente (2013). I believe the results from one of the items that assessed risky sexual behavior could have been skewed. Question three asked: How many times did you have a problem with a condom breaking or leaking? I do not believe the researchers took into account those participants who recorded a 0 not because of an issue with a condom breaking or leaking, but because they simply did not use a

If I was an epidemiologist and one day I suspected that smoke from the local toy factory connected to adverse health outcomes among the town’s residents, I would suspect a population-based cohort study. According to, Friis and Sellers (2014), “population-based cohort study is a type of study that includes either an entire population or a representative sample of the population.” In fact, this type of study collects data on the exposed and the non-exposed individuals within a population. In this situation, individuals would be tested on whether or not they developed adverse health outcomes due to the smoke from the toy factory. Every individual in the town would be examined and their medical histories would be taken into consideration in order

The study did rely on the correct information being provided by the families and subjects since much of the data was sourced through interviews and computerised tracking systems e.g. it is unknown how reliable the information relating to exposures during pregnancy and child-birth was. I would

This chapter contains a great deal of material and goes beyond what you are expected to learn for this course (i.e., for examination questions). However, statistical issues pervade epidemiologic studies, and you may find some of the material that follows of use as you read the literature. So if you find that you are getting lost and begin to wonder what points you are expected to learn, please refer to the following list of concepts we expect you to know: Need to edit data before serious analysis and to catch errors as soon as possible. Options for data cleaning – range

When faced with an analysis of a situation which deals with a population, an analyzer will incorporate both descriptive and inferential statistics to evaluate his or her results and create a credible conclusion. Descriptive statistics provides information focused on an immediate group of data. After defining what needs to be analyzed, the descriptive statistics will help the analyzer abridge the data to a more meaningful and comprehendible form, which will then provide patterns in his or her research that, will provide a foundation to his or her thesis. For example, a person could use descriptive statistics to evaluate the answers on an exam taken by 400 American students, and use descriptive statistics to determine the overall performance

The population that the study targeted was children with selective mutism. In this study, the sample involved case studies of two boys who were observed, and both children suffered from selective mutism. The first case study focused on a white male named Darren. At the time of the study, he was 10-years-old, and was in the fourth grade at a public school. His parents were separated; Darren lived with his mother and his