Positive and Negative Reinforcements

Positive reinforcement is rewarding a behavior with a consequence that is pleasant to the recipient in order to encourage the behavior. An example of this in The Breakfast Club

Negative reinforcers, he claimed, are when a child chooses certain behaviour in order to avoid a punishment. An example of negative reinforcement is when a child is allowed to skip a required chore if homework is finished by a certain time. A simple example of punishment is when a child is reprimanded or criticised for inappropriate behaviour.

Give a school-based example of two of the following: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, or extinction.

Positive reinforcers- Likely to repeat their behaviour when they get something they desire. He suggested this was the most effective way of encouraging new learning. Positive reinforcers for children include gaining adult attention, praise, stickers, sweets and treats.

There is also the argument between behaviourists to whether behaviour is learnt better through positive or negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is when someone does something correctly and we reward them with a sweet or chocolate. A strength of this is that the individual will repeat the action again, but a limitation is that the individual will expect the reward every time.

Negative reinforcement increases the probability of a response that removes an adverse condition. This would include the expectations that the student get an eighty percent on tests. A personal example of behaviorism in the class of the author of this paper is included as part of this essay. The author had a class teaching algebra to a junior high class. One particular year, the group of students in class were poorly behaved. They were disruptive, disrespectful and defiant of the rules of the class. The author called a meeting with the class and explained that there would be new rules which each would have to follow. Instead of telling the students what the rules were, the author let the student decide on what they would be. The students created the rules as well as the consequences which they felt were fair. Hence, the new rules were written on the board and voted on. The students reacted positively and participated whole-heartedly. Hence, taking part of the planning, there is a sense of ownership, accountability and motivation. Along with

In special education classroom, positive reinforcement is applicable when students transit from activities through following instructions as provided and avoiding any form of distraction as well as maintaining a reasonable level of noise in whichever circumstance. Observation all these guarantee students a ticket. A minimum of 30 tickets a week guarantees them candy from their teacher. This is seen a motivation to the students hence they strive to receive the ticket.

Reinforcement that occurs directly because of the students actions. No one else is needed to get the reinforcement.

Positive Reinforcer An example of a positive reinforcement in my life is, earning good grades. When i earn good grades my parents allow me freedom, to do as i please.

Positive reinforcement: In school, I was motivated to read books as a child, not necessarily because I enjoyed them, but because I was rewarded when I finished. If I finished the book and passed the test I would get points, which I could exchange for pencils or other nik naks. 5. Negative reinforcement: As a child, I would refuse to clean my room. If I didn't clean my room, my mom wouldn't let me watch TV or play with my friends.

Following baseline, the classroom teacher implemented the contingent reinforcement schedule using randomized criteria for reinforcement and randomized reinforcers. This involved the teacher covering the classroom rules in the beginning of class and then informing students that she would be checking to see whether they were following the classroom rules at four different times (predetermined by the teacher but not known by the students) during the class period. During these times, students would have the opportunity to earn points as a group. At the end of the class period, the teacher would draw a random percentage criterion between 75% and 95%, inform the students of this percentage, and if the group earned at least that percentage of the total number of possible points, then each student would earn a reward. Next, a self-monitoring intervention procedure was added. The self-monitoring procedure was later withdrawn and restored to examine the effects of such an intervention once it is removed. Results indicated that the self-monitoring procedure did not increase the effectiveness of the interdependent group contingency intervention, even though there were improvements in behavior from baseline upon intervention

Different types of reinforcersAccording to Cooper & Heward & Heron (2007), positive reinforcement is when the probability of the correct response increases when it is followed by the consequence (p.36). For example, when the child eliminates in the toilet and they receive a stickers (a reward). This will increase the likelihood of the child eliminating in the toilet more frequently because of the consequence (i.e. receiving a sticker). Positive reinforcement can be characterized by the following: edibles, sensory, automatic, activity and tangible items. Edible reinforce are those that are considered preferred foods or drinks. Therefore, if a child is highly motivated to maintain and appropriate behavior using goldfish. This would be considered

A personal example of positive reinforcement is when my mother rewards me for getting good results on my tests by giving me extra allowance for a week, motivating me to continue to study hard for my future tests. A negative reinforcement would be when my parents tell my sisters to keep their volumes down while I study to help me focus on studying. An example of positive punishment is when my co-curricular activity (CCA) coach scolds me for repeating a wrong move in my routine, making me focus on my mistakes so as to be less careless the next time I execute it. A negative punishment that I have received is my father restricting me from going out with my friends so as to reduce the amount of money I

In this example you can clearly see the positive reinforcement. By my father giving me a gift as a reward for doing good it was be a positive reinforcement, If I know that me getting good grades it results in my getting money or gifts it’s going to make me keep striving to do good.

This involves removing something unpleasant to gain a desired outcome of behaviour (O'Donnell et al., 2015). A negative reinforcement may include the removal of nagging, critising, yelling or being scorned at. When the student returns to the task at hand for example the unpleasant action preformed by the teacher ceases (Reeve, 2009). The use of negative reinforcement within a classroom can also have a negative effect between peers. As other students see that an action creates a desirable outcome such as critising or being scorned at some students may use these techquics on their peers when their peers are demonstrating behaviour that is not suitable to them (McDevitt, Ormrod, & McDevitt, 2007).