Shareholder Value Analysis Advantages And Disadvantages

The Corporation's performance metrics highlights three significances for raising shareholder value: returns, leverage, and growth. The Corporation's main concern of growth concentrate on sales through similar companies or club sales and unit square feet growth; the importance of leverage incorporates the Corporation's objective to raise its operating income quicker than the growth rate in net sales by increasing its administrative expenses, selling, and operating expenses, at a measured rate than the progression of its net sales; and the importance of returns emphasizes on how proficient the Corporation engage its assets through return on investment also, how efficiently the Corporation achieves working capital and capital expenditures through free cash flow. (See Figure

The success of a business depends on its ability to remain profitable over the long term, while being able to pay all its financial obligations and earning above average returns for its shareholders. This is made possible if the business is able to maximize on available opportunities and very efficiently and effectively use the resources it has to create maximum value for all involved stakeholders. One way the performance of a company can be measured on critical areas such as profitability, its ability to stay solvent, the amount of debt exposure and the effectiveness in resource utilization, is performing financial analysis where a set of ratios provides a snapshot of company performance and future

The setting of a business compels most when there is a viable opportunity for the firm, organization or venture to succeed. It is in this pursuit for success that most firms are seeking the service off establishing and determining the performance of the firms. Measuring firm performance has several means of doing, however, the most commonly used one is the Return on Assets (Rumelt, 2011). Return on assets is a measurement methodology that assesses various factors and matrices in the line of action. However, most firms focus on the financial side of the venture, diverting their attention from the most compelling basis of the metric method. Return on assets is a tool that requires a critical and careful selection of the base criteria for measuring the success of the firm or company. However, focusing on the financial side only leaves the investors happy but the firm stagnating.

In order to understand and conduct a complete financial analysis of either organization, or any company for that matter, that desires to increase aspects of business, an analysis becomes fundamental when defining the company’s current standings in the market. This can also be a great way in order to discover new ways for expansion of productivity and development within the organization. Throughout the execution of a financial analysis of any business, it is imperative to understand the background of the company and the products they produce and sell. By understanding these

The aim of this report is to recommend whether or not a publicly traded company has been is worth investing in. The company chosen in this case is JPMorgan & Chase which is a large financial institution. This report is going to use a financial rational formed by the analysis of various financial metrics.

However the author emphasizes that the issue actually is the other way around that the shareholder value principle has not betrayed the management rather it is the management that has betrayed the principle. In basic, delivering value to the shareholders means that the organization has been able to grow the earnings, the dividends of the organization and the share price. Thus in analyzing the delivery of shareholder value by Wal-Mart these three elements will be focused upon.

Financial world is at the pace when the accountants are moving their steps towards fair value accounting, moreover FASB and IASB is motivating accountants to increase the use of fair value accounting by establishing new rules. Most of the people concur that fair values are the most reliable measure for financial assets and liabilities that an entity strongly trades, on the other hand some believes if management wants to hold an asset or liability till their maturity then historical method is best for measuring financial assets.

The Investment Appraisal are techniques used in an organisation’s overall strategy and decision of capital investment. In general capital investment appraisal are used for ranking projects. A firm can usually have many projects that are appraised at the same time and those techniques will compare the projects and once completed will determine the highest one and this will be implemented. The investment appraisal considered are: ARR, PAYBACK, NPV AND IRR.

There are many ways to analyze the performance of a company, some more popular than others. According to the Barney text the accounting method is the most popular way of measuring a firm's performance (Barney, 2002). Some of the reasons for the popularity could include the fact that accounting measures of performance are publicly available on many firms and they communicate a great deal of information about a firm's operations. Other methods of performance analysis include firm survival and the multiple stakeholder approach.

For our pro forma, we first began with the income statement. To determine Sales, we assumed an increase at a consistent rate each year. COGS and operating expenses were estimated as a percentage of Sales. Exceptional Costs and Restructuring Costs were not considered since pro forma statements exclude unusual and nonrecurring transactions. With these figures, we were able to determine our Profit Before Tax (PBT). For our tax expense, we assumed a constant tax rate. By subtracting the Tax Expense from our PBT we determined the Profit/(loss) After Tax. Lastly, we subtracted dividends, which remained unchanged each year, from the Profit/(loss) After Tax to find the company’s Retained Earnings. Below is a diagram illustrating these steps:

To arrive at a total company value, or enterprise value, we simply have to take the present value of the cash flows and the Terminal value, divide them by the discount rate and, finally, add up the results. If we are discounting free cash flow of the firm at the weighted average cost of capital, this would give the value of the firm, so it would be necessary to deduct net debt in order to arrive at the equity value. In this report, simply use FCF in the year of 2011 to compare the value of the firm to the stock price in the year end of 2011.

Performance measuring is vital part which assessing value of employee and management. Performance can be measure through employee’s overall impact cost efficiency and effectives. (Anon., 2017)

After subtracting all economic costs from operating profits after taxes EVA reveals the true economic surplus available for further investment. Traditional cash flow analysis can easily disregard companies with negative cash flows because main purpose of traditional cash value metric is to control cash generation. In contrast, the main purpose of EVA is to optimize resource allocation. At difference to accounting measures, EVA highlights the gap in performance, and hence, aligns the interests of managers and shareholders. The link between shareholders value and economic profit of the company becomes more transparent. At difference to traditional accounting measures of corporate profit, EVA fully accounts for the company¡¦s overall capital costs. It includes both, the direct cost of debt capital and the indirect cost of equity capital. The cost of capital is the minimum return required to pay shareholder¡¦s equity . EVA can therefore determine whether or not the business is creating value but it can also indicate how much value is created at different business levels.

(BESSONG, 2012) Study the importance of historical value and fair value cost accounting on reported profit. The study discussed how fair value accounting and historical cost accounting will have effect on the reported profit. However it is said that key objective of any business is to earn profit and it is also equally important to report the profit. Especially it is more important to record profit carefully during inflationary period. However they have study the reported profit and effects of fair and historical value by collecting data from both primary and secondary source. Therefore it is found that historical and fair value both is equally important and both have significant effect on the reported profit. Therefore operating profit of the company is influenced by the amount that is paid for taxes, dividend and depreciation.

To increase and maximize the wealth/value of shareholders, it is necessary that the company is competitive in their market and can reliably “earn a considerable return on its investments above their cost of capital” (Doyle, 2000). The increasing rates of return of well performing companies attract new investors who invest money to become shareholders. These outside funds from investors are essential for growth of businesses and the expansion into new markets. Measurements of generated shareholder returns over a certain time period deliver the company useful information on whether their objectives have been achieved or should be new adjusted (Atrill, 2009).