The very first step in auditing networks is to define where to analyze the traffic. Taking a common scenario for analysis, the following assumptions were made. There is a switched network made up of a number of switches, several terminals and a file server. Network performance has dropped, however the cause is unknown. There is no IDS (Intrusion Detection System) that can alarm or inform about attacks or network malfunction. Also, it is known that there are no problems with the transfer rate of the file server to LAN (Local Area Network) terminals [3]. Furthermore, network equipment does not have Netflow protocols to analyze traffic remotely. Wireshark was chosen to analyze the above scenario. The first doubt which arises is where to install Wireshark. It would seem logical to install Wireshark on the file server itself to analyze the traffic that flows through this network segment. However, there could be situations in which there is no access to the server physically or quite simply for security reasons. Thus, Wireshark cannot be installed there. Some alternatives are provided in the following paragraphs that enable to capture traffic without having to install Wireshark on the server. A. Using a Hub If a user connects a node where Wireshark is installed to one of the switch ports, he will only see the packets that occur between the switch and his terminal, however this is not desired for traffic analysis. The switch divides the network into segments creating separate
Describe how you would conduct the audit process, incorporating the analytical procedures you would use to investigate selected business transactions?
While both Wireshark and NetWitness Investigator can be used to capture network traffic, the freeware version of NetWitness Investigator has a limitation of 1G of protocol capture per session. Wireshark does not have a limitation on the size of the capture file, which makes it better suited to protocol capture. Wireshark can be used to analyze capture files, but NetWitness Investigator is a seven-layer protocol analyzer that provides detailed protocol analysis and protocol behavior analysis and is much more user-friendly in terms of understanding protocol behavior and protocol analysis.
Wireshark is an open-source program which enables users to actively capture and interact with the network traffic which is being funnelled through the computer. Commonly, pieces of software which do this are referred to as ‘packet sniffers’ - As the program is recording the packets which pass through the network.
An important decision for any shareholder is deciding whether or not to do business with that company. When a business is audited, the operations are reviewed to make sure that nothing is being hidden. An auditor will review the company’s financial statement and practices to confirm that each are direct and correct. The financial statements are the business’s way of representing them and showing that they are following the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The audit process is an important one because it provides a platform for the auditor’s opinion concerning the financial statements of the company. As part of the audit process the auditor will conduct an audit plan that outlines a number of actions that he or she will be perform while also detailing the reason for those actions. With every audit, the business’s management is in charge of handing over the financial statements that the auditor will review; while the auditor will review the statements for any material or immaterial misstatements.
| |Check sales invoices against the sales journal to confirm they have been recorded on the|
Very simply put, strategic planning identifies where the organization wants to be at some point in the future and how it is going to get there. The "strategic" part of this planning process is the continual attention to current changes in the organization and its external environment, and how this effects the future of the organization. Skills in strategic planning are critical to the long-term success of your organization.
Because the author's experience and knowledge of GAS is primarily limited to ACL, that is the software used to demonstrate the value of implementing GAS in this article. For more software products, see the exhibit in the Bagranoff and Henry article, cited in footnote 3, and the list of GAS in the Sayana article, cited in footnote 1.
The overall security for the networked environment is weak, and the team was able to move quickly through the information system and gain system level access on most of the attached hosts, within the scope of the penetration test. Had the organization been equipped with a firewall, the ability to conduct the following test would have become a more difficult task. However, because packets can move freely, the systems provide more data than they should. Secondly the team identified the requirement to segment the network. In its current configuration, Appendix B, the organization is easily exploitable. Coupled with a firewall, a segmented Local Area Network, and firewall to filter the local area traffic, the organization becomes a more
They function in IP security provision, inside and outside network attack detection, data recovery, risk analysis, attack patterns detection, future attacks prediction and detection of anomalies in the network system. The main properties of network forensics analysis tools include collection of information (Dhishan)[6].
A technology audit is a method of investigation. Its main purpose is to evaluate technological capacity and procedures. This is not only to ensure that everything a company is using is legal, but that it is also being used properly in order to sustain efficient and effective work. It is a process that helps identify the strong and weak points of technology through the knowledge of the company, or firm’s resources. It is known to help implement a strategy or action plan to improve technology for a company and its users.
This paper will be explaining how switches and hubs handle MAC addresses, what additional features are available on switches that are not available on hubs. It will also address how bandwidth can be enhanced through a switch, describes differences in how traffic flow between a switch and a hub. In addition, analyze how switches and hubs play a role in security. According to Hardwood & Bird (2005), hubs connect devices on a twisted-pair network. Hardwood & Bird (2005) stated that a hub does not perform any tasks besides signal regeneration. The function of a hub is to take data from one of the connected devices and forward it to all the other ports on the hub.
In the early days of independence the audit, audit methods are for the detailed audit approach which is using the accounting books of the audited entity to verify case by case basis, and for the purpose of exposing the wrong check fraud; With the expansion of enterprise scale and complex business activities, audit sampling appears that, according to accounting statements balance and accounting data sample extraction section, and then inferring the overall result of the review. This approach will be inevitably sweeping; recently, there was not only reveals the compliance of accounting standards and disclosure errors and fraud dual audit mode, which means gradually expanding the scope of responsibility of the audit, but also
This also shows techniques used to gather information such as system scanning, network scanning, port scanning, system identification, service identification scanning
We declare that this assignment is our original work and has not been submitted elsewhere for examination, award of a degree or publication. Where other people’s work, or our own work has been used, this has properly been acknowledged and referenced in accordance with the University of Nairobi’s requirements
Below is a list of questions about migrating to virtual desktop use that Information System Audit (ISA) has compiled. These questions are items that need to be addressed before ISA switches to virtual desktop. We have included potential solutions to these questions if they prove to be a problem. These potential solutions are suggestions only and do not have to be the solution that is implemented. We have attempted to give you a good base of information to understand the problem and can provide more information if needed. We also have kept this list of questions (with the exception of #7) to be exclusive to ISA.