University of Phoenix Material
Syllogisms & Logic
PART I: SYLLOGISMS
To be a valid syllogism, the conclusion must be proven by the reasons. Carefully study the following syllogisms and decide if they are valid or invalid:
1. All zebras are striped animals. No zebras are polar bears. Therefore, no polar bears are striped animals.
2. All clowns are funny individuals. Some sad people are clowns. Therefore, some sad people are funny individuals.
3. Some sticky substances are yucky things. All taffy is a sticky substance. Therefore, some taffy is a yucky thing.
4. All items made of gold are expensive items. Some rings are items made of gold. Therefore, some rings are expensive
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The Browns did beat the Steelers, so Chris and Nick are very happy, indeed.
|Valid |Modus Ponens (Affirming the Antecedent) |
11. Madeline must have known the material for the test, because if a person knows the material, that person will get an A, and Madeline was one of the students that got an A.
12. Anastasia believes that if she treats people honestly and with an open mind, she will have diverse friendships. She is honest and open-minded and has friends all over the world.
13. Roberto thought that if he worked very hard, his boss would give him a raise or a promotion. He made sure she noticed him, but she did not give him a raise or promotion. He thought he must not have worked hard enough.
14. "I'm still eating too much ice cream," lamented George. "My waist measurement is the same as it was six months ago. I know if I didn't eat so much ice cream, I would reduce my waist size."
15. The best way to make sure we pay fewer taxes is to elect conservatives. We must not have elected enough conservatives, because we are paying more taxes.
16. If my neighbor were a decent human being, he wouldn't let his yard trash fall onto my property. But
-Some may disagree with me because banning larger drinks will just make people buy more smaller sized drinks allowing them to take in more sugar and calories.
In May of 1776 a resolution was passed at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg that asked the thirteen American colonies to declare the United Colonies free and independent from the British crown. At the second continental congress the resolution passed and on June 11, 1776 a five-man committee led by Thomas Jefferson was established to write the Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776 the members of the second continental congress signed into existence one of the most influential documents in history.
All of the support needed to be convinced by an argument is understood in the proposition without having to be explained. Nevertheless, if several of these true propositions are strung together, it can lead to a more refined but true conclusion. This method is called syllogism.
13. I think this is hilarious. There is a saying that says "The rich get richer and the poor get prison" This is a funny skew in the phrase.
In assessing the argument, it can be said that it is a valid argument since the conclusions logically follow from the arguments given they are true.
Abortion should be legal, because there are too many things that go wrong. A women could be raped and need to get one because she doesn’t want to look at the child and doesn’t want to feel it grow, freedom of choosing what to do and how government involvement in personal decisions such as this could lead to potentially having the government deem how many children you can have or even how many pregnancies you are allowed, medical reasons for abortion, and the ability of a woman to have control of her body is critical to civil rights.
What kind of tribe is the Eneon? We do not have much information about this tribe as the anthropologists had just found out their existence. We only have limited information we received from the anthropologists. The information are based on the environment and climate they live in, the food they eat, their family and children, books and arts and their social aspect and attitudes toward war that the Eneon tribe are live in.
Esteemed teacher at Elk Grove High School was arrested Thursday morning. Two Elk Grove police officers barged in on her first class of the day not only to find that she had controlled substances on her, but she also tried planting them on a student in said class.
r. P1) The classroom teacher is crucial to the development and academic success of the average student, administrators simply are ancillary to this effort.
Even though higher yields are met for demand and human consumption, factory farming is cruel to animals due to the fact animals are often subject to harsh living conditions, more susceptible to diseases and injuries and are treated inhumanely during the slaughtering process. Unfortunately, with an increase in human population worldwide, the strain on farmers to meet the demand increases as well. This in turn causes more animals to be subject to this cruelty.
Divergent is about a future society where the citizens are separated into different factions (Candor, Amity, Erudite, Abnegation, and Dauntless) and assigned specific rules due to their faction. Some of the citizens were not just one faction, but multiple, making them Divergent. Tris Prior, the main character of this book, is a Divergent.
Peter Singer is a moral philosopher that approaches ethical issues from both a utilitarian and vegetarian point of view. Utilitarianism is a theory in which one’s action maximizes utility, to generate total benefit and reducing negatives. In Peter Singer’s essay, Utilitarinism and Vegetarianism, he argues that people who follow and apply the principles of utilitarianism should ultimately become vegetarians and that vegetarians should follow utilitarianism. This paper will review and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments in Singer’s essay.
Reader Response #1: The Logical Syllogism In the book, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, the character Lucy finds an ordinary-looking wardrobe that transports her to a magical world called “Narnia.” When she returns to her world, she finds that her brothers and sister do not believe her story about going to Narnia. As time goes on, Lucy’s older brother and older sister go to their guardian, an elderly professor, because they are afraid that Lucy’s refusal to admit that Narnia is “make-believe” is proof of her insanity.
c. Errors in logic, or fallacies, can make an argument appear weak and unconvincing. Read about good arguments versus fallacies, and complete the five exercises. Then write two syllogisms of your own that are based on fallacies, and explain their logical errors. You might choose from these fallacies: validity problem, post hoc, slippery slope, straw man, inconsistency, begging the question, false dilemma, non sequitur, and ad hominem.
One of Aristotle’s contributions that is heavily taught in logic classes today is syllogisms. Syllogism, in layman’s terms, is an argument with two premises and a conclusion. It is valid and deductive, basically meaning that it started out as a generalization but condensed to a specification of an idea. To