The 1967 Riots And Maclehose Reforms

In the late 1800s and the early 1900s, labor was anything but easy. Factory workers faced long hours, low pay, high unemployment fears, and poor working conditions during this time. Life today is much easier in comparison to the late 1800s. Americans have shorter days, bigger pay and easier working conditions. Not comparable to how life is today, many riots sparked, and citizens began to fight for equal treatment. Along with other important events, the Haymarket Riot, the Pullman Strike, and the Homestead strike all play a vital role in illustrating labor’s struggle to gain fair and equitable treatment during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

The Newark uprising of 1967 was the result of many different forms of injustices directed against the black community in Newark. Police brutality was one of the major factors that contributed to the people’s uprising. When governor Hughes appointed a committee to investigate the causes of the uprising and the ways to improve the relationship between the police and the Newark’s community, there were many testimonies and evidences that proved that police brutality was one of the major causes leading to the uprising. Despite all the data and the evidences that the Governor’s Commission Report (GSCCD) included and the testimonies of many people that witnessed the uprising, the Report of the New Jersey State Patrolmen’s Benevolent Association (PBA) rejected the findings to the Governor’s Commission Report and claimed that police brutality was just a stereotype in the African American neighborhoods. They suggested that the main reason that caused the uprising was the “weakness of official response” (PBA Report ix) to criminal acts done by members of the black community. This paper will focus mainly on assessing the arguments made by the PBA report and comparing them with the GSCCD report and the testimonies of the witnesses of the uprising.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a vast amount of recent immigrant workers were faced with a horrendous situation within the working class due to the selfish acts of greed from big business corporations. The impactful results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire in New York City during 1911 brought a devastating memory of horror, but at the same time a memory of an event that leads reforms. The Shirtwaist Factory Fire brings hope that even great tragedies such as it can provide change. The results from the fire drove socialist, trade unionists, and progressive reformers to finally get the push they needed to overcome the longstanding obstacles to reform. Reformers focused on various approaches to improving the situation

Chinese immigrants during the 1800s was a vital contributor to the success of the Central Pacific transcontinental railroad. The railroad would not be such a big accomplishment for its size and time it took to complete, if not from the contribution of foreign labor, in this case Chinese. While the importance of foreign labor is very evident from the creation of the transcontinental railroads, the Chinese workers life while in the United States during this time did not illustration that. The life of the average Chinese workers saw an increased discrimination, compared to their counter parts. This is demonstrated by lower wages, harder living conditions, and various laws passed by the United States government till about the mid-1900s.

The year 1970, When two men tried to get married the university denied them because they were the same-sex. It was illegal to have same-sex sex at around 1969 which is unfair to all same-sex couples. All the gay people wanted was to be treated fairly, just as the straights do. And with complete honesty they didn’t want marriage specifically, they just wanted the rights. On June 26, 2015, the U.S supreme court ruled, that gay marriage is a right protected by the U.S constitution in all 50 states. On May 18, 1970, two university men applied for a marriage license, but they were denied because they were the same-sex. On June 26,2003, they banned people for being gay (same-sex) adults, They made it illegal. On July 1989, Court

Chinese workers faced discrimination and were offered very low pay for their dangerous and sometimes fatal work (Doc 4). The railroads started growing strikes and labor unrest because workers resisted the harsh working conditions (Doc 6). Unfair government practices began to take form as railroads became controlled. Small farmers suffered because they had to pay higher prices than large companies who were offered rebates (Doc 4). Today, the government has changed because that practice is no longer allowed.

There were many race riots going on during the 1960’s. But some of the better known are Detroit, Chicago, and New York. They were so destructive, and filled with hatred. One of the most famous is the Detroit riots of 1967 where there was so much hatred and destruction.

For the American laborer, factory worker, and farmer, the early twentieth century addressed a wide multitude of social and economic issues all across the board. Immigration, World War II and all of its supports and anti-war protests, the strong governmental reinforcement of laws that prohibited alcohol, radical literature, and any behavior that was considered “unpatriotic,” this century was full of revolutionary change. But one of the most notable issues of this time was the public growth of Socialism, an economic theory in which manufactured goods and delivery were governed not by the elite, but by the community as a whole. Between 1915 and 1920 especially, Socialism was beginning to pick up speed, as it had originated from the tense cracks that had begun to grow and fester between the working class and bourgeois. While the elite enjoyed the lavish wealth and ample opportunities that were available to only them alone, working class Americans gradually grew dissatisfied by their unsanitary conditions, 10 to 12 hour dangerous workdays, and very little pay. It was no wonder that during this time, the IWW and the phenomenon known as “strike fever” was born.

African Americans have overcome multiple struggles within American society. Race brutality has been a major battle for African Americans to fight against. There have been many race riots throughout history that have influenced future actions towards African Americans. The anti-African American was a process of assimilation for immigrants who felt that being against African Americans was a way to adopt the values of the dominant American culture and to be seen as American and not as an immigrant. One way to adopt the values of the dominant culture was to believe in racial segregation.

The plans and narratives of the Kowloon Walled City have drastically changed through the years, as it has been an unrolled and unregulated enclave between the British and Chinese governments. It began as an officially planed Chinese military fort and afterwards witnessed three distinct stages of lawlessness, demolition and rebirth as an urban garden. It all officially began in the 16th century, when the Chinese built a defensive garrison town filled with soldiers, civil officers and their families (Carney, 2013). However, when Hong Kong was leased to the British in 1898, the Kowloon Walled City became a enclave in the colonized territory, where no laws of the official state applied and everything began expanding spontaneously. The first stage of the city’s unintentional self-organization began in the 1950’s. It is widely known as the time of three vices – gambling, prostitution and drug dealing. The official regulations of the British did work on Hong Kong and were reversely reflected in the Chinese enclave. As soon as something was forbidden in the city-state, people massively poured into the un-ruled territory and let the sins to flourish. This way the Kowloon Walled City became synonymous with violence, crime and disturbance. During this period, the city and people became one, the buildings were connected by piping systems and wires, the water poured through the holes and sunlight could barely reach the lower levels. Yet, in the early 1970’s the situation started changing

During the time period of 1881 to the year 1885, over 15,000 Chinese labourers travelled to Canada in order to help construct the Canadian Pacific Railway. These immigrants were hoping for a decent if not favorable environment to live, settle, and work. However, the Chinese workers soon came to a realization that they were facing nothing but discrimination and racism. Compared to the Europeans immigrants, the Chinese had fewer rights, fewer earnings from same work, and were in general low in social

The 60s were a very action packed time. There were a lot of different events going on including political changes, war, and rioting and protest. Most of the rioting was taking place by the youth of not only America, but in fact people from all across the world. With such a large number of protesting, there is a certain level of contrast between the how the youth organized and was able to protest. For example in “Takin it to the streets” the students would learn different protesting method from one another, “When Italian students occupied of the University of Rome, a group of young Germans rushed to Italy to see how the Italians did it”. Compared to in “Voices”, they looked to the vietnam war for their inspiration. According to Tariq Ali, a

Two years after the infamous Triangle fire, 20,000 workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts; angered over wage cuts and deplorable conditions went on strike, prompting the twin reactions of police brutality and press coverage (Hodson & Sullivan, 2008). “As a result of the strike, not only were wages raised and conditions improved in the textile industry as a whole, but important legislation was also enacted that restricted the exploitation of child and female labor” (Hodson & Sullivan, 2008, p. 132). It is doubtful that working conditions would have evolved to the level of equity we find today, without the sacrifice and activism of unions and their members.

My research will be based on Political, Economic, and Social Organization of Singapore—an industrialist city-state.  Even though Singapore 's history dates from the 11th century, the island was little known to the West until the 19th century. Singapore is one of the World 's largest ports, because the city of Singapore has become a major port, with trade exceeding that of Malaya 's, Malacca and Penang combined. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of steamships launched an era of prosperity for Singapore as transit trade expanded throughout Southeast Asia (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Singapore is a very

Labor relations in China have become more and more complex, labor conflicts have occurred frequently, and thus labor disputes have been growing with a rate much faster than that of the development of GDP in the past decade. They could become a potential obstacle to the economic development if not appropriately managed. The paper studies the condition of labor relations, and probes the profound reasons for it, and compares it across the world in order to give a description for it.