Introduction
This report examines the provisions, purpose, and impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). It will consider both positive and negative arguments for the program, and review suggested alternatives. Finally, it will give supporting evidence as to why the EITC is a flawed, yet overall beneficial program for the nation’s war against poverty. As one of the most heavily debated tax issues since the 90s, the EITC is an important anti-poverty program that requires attention and understanding by all American citizens.
In order to gauge the effectiveness of the EITC, it is important to understand what the EITC is, as well as its purpose, and then measure current performance.
Provisions
The EITC is a tax credit for low to moderate income earning individuals and families. This credit is a refundable tax credit, meaning that citizens may have their federal taxes lowered, brought to zero, or even earn a refund if it exceeds the amount of taxes owed. The credit amount is dependent upon a beneficiary’s earned income and number of children. Earned income includes all the taxable income and wages a person receives from working for someone else or if they own or run a business or farm. In order to receive the tax refund, workers must file a tax return, even if their income is less than the filing requirement. The EITC is structured with a phase-in, meaning that as a taxpayer’s income increases, the value of the credit the taxpayer earns increases until it hits the maximum
People generally enjoy working and being productive members of society. The positive effects of the Welfare Reform Act is moving to eventually end poverty in America and promote economic growth. According to the 2005 report measuring welfare dependents “Poverty in 2003 remains much lower than in 1996, the year of passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. The official poverty rate for 2003 was 12.5 percent, compared to 13.7 percent in 1996.” ( Gil Crouse, Susan Hauan, Julia Isaacs, Kendall Swenson and Lisa Trivits, 2005 ) States that design welfare-to-work policies that emphasized getting recipients into jobs by shifting to “work-first” welfare systems can modify program rules to allow more earned income,
With evidence from different sources, this paper will show the how the DACA program effects the United States as a whole. “In 2010, in the whole u.s. Population, households with college education heads, on average, received $24,839
The main concepts of the article are describing the corporate welfare system and how it is responsible for growing economic imbalances between the poor and rich populations. The article elaborated on how we cannot ignore the issue anymore because of the substantial loss that we are facing by letting the gap grow (Huff, 1993). The article also goes into the IRS and how there are tax exemptions and deductions that people qualify for and what is allowed.
It has been reported across media that the number of food stamp recipients has increased tremendously, reaching an all time high of 5 million people (Matt, 2013). The amount forgone is approximately $175 million (Matt, 2013). Of this amount, $75 million has been distributed to individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria (Matt, 2013). In his research study, Matt (2013) indicated that for every $60 in benefits, Texas doled out close to $6.11 to people or recipients who are not eligible (Matt, 2013). The national average stands at $3.05, which shows that Food Stamp fraud in Texas is alarmingly high (Matt, 2013). This shows clearly that Food Stamp fraud is indeed destroying the economic potential of Texas. The amount used in order to provide benefits to fraudsters is supposed to be used in other areas of economic worth. However, believing that the needy citizens are being assisted, Texas has continued to use its revenues for unwarranted courses of action. Furthermore, the food stamp fraud is costing the tax payers immensely. As such, the cost of benefits provided under this program is met by the tax payers. As such, they must pay some income tax, some of which is channeled into the food stamp course. With an increase in the number of recipients, it means that the tax payers have to forgo more. This, as a result, ensures that those who are economically active continue to suffer at the expense of
It is not enough to provide material relief to those experiencing extreme deprivation(158). Therefore the federal government should establish and create opportunities for the poor to gain and maintain their citizenship in standard living. According to the book, "$2.00 a Day" writer Kaitlyn Edin emphasize one have the strong will to work but opportunities lack extremely, in which concede the fact that there aren't enough jobs with adequate pay, hours, and stability to go around(159). On one hand, I agree with Edin that the will of the poor is there, but the federal government should play more substantive role in getting individuals jobs.For instance, stated in the book, “In-depth interviews with 209 EITC claimants in the Northeast and Midwest in 2007 showed that while TANF receipt confers stigma and shame, claiming the EITC gives people dignity and restores their pride”(172). Also the federal government need to restore relationships in the workplace, increase wage, and prevent wage theft . For example, a successful grocery store called Market Basket located in New England starts employees off at twelve dollars an hour, offer health insurance, and paid sick to all employees(164). Creating better jobs and opportunities is the government role as it is our role to maintain a job and contribute as
The American government has struggled with the issue of taxes and the budget for over a hundred years. Class conflict, adversarial political parties, and convoluted economic philosophies have resulted in a never-ending debate over taxation. The New York Times newspaper article, “Senate Panel Vote Backs Budget Plan”, from June 1993, discusses the current feelings of the time in regards to the budget and taxation. Moreover, the article mentions factors such as democrat-republican debate, trickle down economics, and high verse low taxes for the middle class. The issues discussed in this 1993 article differ only slightly from the taxation conversation of today. However, now in 2011, we face a budget crisis that threatens the American economy
Poverty is present in today’s U.S. social system. For example, as Lesser states in the Clearinghouse Review, “Forty-six million Americans live in poverty” (1). Lesser then goes on to say how forty-six million Americans living in poverty correlates to almost one in every three single-parent families is poor (1). This is a daunting fact as it applies to today’s economic context with “rising unemployment rates and mortgage crises driving more individuals and families to seek the support of a cash-strapped social welfare structure” (Grijalva 1). With this in mind, many legislators are discussing the topic of poverty in the political realm. In order to tally the score of representatives the Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law conducted its sixth annual Poverty Scorecard. “The 2012 Poverty Scorecard grades the voting record of every U.S. senator and representative on the most important poverty-related votes in 2012” (Lesser 1). The 2012 votes covered a range of topics such as budget and tax, food and nutrition, health care, housing, and many more (1). The results of the 2012 Poverty
One of the United States most effective tools is The Earned Income Tax Credit which encourages work and improvement of family poverty (Center for American Progress, 2016). In the year of 2014 Earned Income Tax Credit helped more than 6.2 million Americans in the fight against poverty (Center for American Progress, 2016). A disadvantage to the Earned Income Tax Credit, is experienced in workers whose income is relatively low without qualifying children (Center for American Progress, 2016). In these
Stanton Delaplane once joked about the IRS, saying he heard it had suggested a simplified tax form with only one question: How much money did you make last year? The IRS response was, "Mail it in"." Thank goodness, our taxes haven 't gotten quite that bad. It is true though, that the majority of Americans, most of us included, have to bite the
One of the major problems that this act of legislation causes economically is an unequal taxation of different groups based on their income. Those who make $400,000+ are taxed a rate of 39.6% of their total income. (H.R 8, 112th Congress) This does not incorporate sales tax and property taxes that are also taken each year as well. In the book “Economics in One Lesson” by Henry Hazlitt, one topic that is discussed is how taxes discourages production. In the case of The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, those who are of working class category will not see a change in their tax rates. This is great since the monetary funds that they do not pay in taxes they can either invest or use in the market. However, the taxes for those who are of upper class status have the burden. As Hazlitt
In contrast, expenditures on the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) have grown sharply from $5 billion in 1975 to $45 billion in 2005. No other federal antipoverty program has grown so rapidly. The EITC is now U.S.’s most immensely colossal cash antipoverty program. The incentives embedded in the EITC differ from those in AFDC/TANF. AFDC recipients with no earnings received the most astronomically immense welfare payments. In contrast, the EITC inspirits less-adept workers to enter the labor market, since nonearners do not receive the credit and the EITC amount elevates with earnings up to about the impecuniosity
The state of Michigan’s Earned Income Tax Credit is a good anti-poverty mechanism for low and moderate income working families. The Michigan credit was an effective technique for achieving a reduction of the poverty rate in 2011. The Michigan Earned Income Tax Credit targets a certain income level of working families. In 2011 the state Earned Income Tax Credit reached over 700,000 households. Governor Rick Snyder does not support its state credit geared toward low income families irrespective of the amount of families that were elevated out of poverty. The tax credit advocates for children and child education, can stimulate the economy by way of the multiplier effect, and lead families to self-sufficiency.
There are four main qualifications needed to receive the credit. First, an individual must have a valid Social Security number. Second, an individual must earn income either from working for someone else or from owning or operating a business. Third, an individual must be a U.S. citizen or resident or the spouse of a U.S. citizen or resident for the entire tax year. Finally, earned income and adjusted gross income must both be below income limits that vary by the number of children in a
Explore the significant of low –income workers attribute to this money and how this significant might have framed their allocation. Moreover, to examine psychological effect and anticipation of Earned Income Tax credit. In the article Eissa, Nada and Jeffrey B. Liebman (1996). It compares the brunt of TRA86 the change in labor supply of single women with children to the change for single women without
When it comes to income taxes, the focus is usually on jobs, personal investments, and savings. The debate on who should bear the greater burden when it comes to income taxes is timeless. If all types of tax are aimed at developing the economy, it should be everyone’s equal responsibility to engage in taxation regardless of one’s economic class. Both parties involved proclaim the legitimacy of their arguments. The articles under discussion are representative of this debate. On one side of the debate, there are those who feel that the rich should pay more taxes. Then there are those who feel that the rich should not be punished by shouldering the burden of taxation (Benson and White 1). From an economic theorist’s point of view, both articles articulate valid arguments. However, this does not nullify the significance of the prevailing economic situation. The above debate can be based on various economic contexts.