Beck Depression Inventory

DBT is designed to treat clients at all levels of severity and complexity of disorders. A growing body of empirical studies has examined DBT. DBT has been the subject of the most study and is the most widely used (Carson-Wong, Rizvi, & Steffel, 2013).

Depression is pervasive in both mental health and medical settings. In the US, the number of discharges with major depressive disorder as first-listed diagnosis was estimated 395,000 for 2010. The CDC also cites the percentage of persons 12 years of age and older with depression in any 2-week period at an estimated 8% between 2007-2010 (CDC, 2015). The American Psychiatric Associates guidelines on treatment of Major Depressive Disorder recommend the ongoing monitoring of symptoms among patients. Specifically, the APA recommends “systemically assessing symptoms of illness and the effects of treatment”. Consideration is given to matching clinical observations with clinician and/or patient administered rating scale measurements for initial and ongoing evaluation (American Psychiatric Association,

The numbers in the bracket after each question relate to the assessment criteria in the standards

The numbers in the bracket after each question relate to the assessment criteria in the standards

The numbers in the bracket after each question relate to the assessment criteria in the standards

Beck (1967) provides a psychological explanation of MD from a cognitive perspective. He proposes a cognitive theory of depression that includes the primary negative triad in depression, which reflects “three major cognitive patterns” that depicts how depressed individuals view themselves, the world and the future “in an idiosyncratic way”. This theory focuses on negative schema and dysfunctional attitudes contributing to MD, which can be clarified as inflexible cognitive structures that negatively filter and bias information (Hankin et al., 2009). Support for this theory is demonstrated by Boury et al (2001) in the exploratory study monitoring student’s negative thoughts with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), where it was found that “BDI-II

In addition, CBT is effective because it has the capacity to treat a wide variety of psychological disorders. Among adults, it has been proven effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse/dependence, common marital problems and diet disorders. To conduct CBT within older individuals, it is important to assess cognitive capacity, evaluate whether a patient has sufficient memory function and cognitive processing skills. A brief cognitive screen such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is effective to assess early problems with executive functioning. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is another recommended screen for severity of depressive symptoms.

Client reported feeling down within the last month and using heroin to cope. Client also reported feeling better and motivated towards the end of the month. Client completed a Beck Depression Inventory in which he scored a 6 indicating normal ups and downs. Client VA records confirm a diagnosis for PTSD and the medication list includes, Sertraline and Setraline HCL, as well as methadone to which the client appears compliant. Client reported he is medication compliant. Client denied any S/I or H/I.

DBT is designed to treat clients at all levels of severity and complexity of disorders. A growing body of empirical studies has examined DBT. DBT has been the subject of the most study and is the most widely used (Carson-Wong, Rizvi, & Steffel, 2013).

7. a) How are the scores reported? b) What kind of scores does the instrument yield?

Eric Beck was a 32-year-old single Caucasian man when he arrived at the psychiatric hospital. At the time, Eric was living with his parents and working part-time as a night watchman for a large professional building in the city. Although he had worked as a stockbroker and trained as a paralegal, Eric had been underemployed for several years.

This is a patient questionnaire that uses a score of 0-4 to assess subjective neuropathic symptoms (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy, 2007).

A client admits to alcohol dependency on a consistant and regular basis because the loss of job. The client exhibits hopelessness and depression. The client has explained they experiencing insomnia, and decreased energy to do anything. This explains their poor personal hygiene. As the clinician the safety of the client is of the utmost importance.

Aaron Beck is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania (GoodTheraoy.org). Beck has had an interest in the changes of human nature goes as far back as he can remember. Beck is known as a trailblazer in the psychology world because he focused on disoriented thoughts that lead to problematic behaviors such as depression. “Beck struggled to find a way to help his depressed client’s better capture their emotions. He realized that many of his depressed clients experienced recurring negative thoughts and that as long as they believed these thoughts to be true, they would continue to have symptoms of depression”(GoodTherapy.org). Beck spent much of his career at the University of Pennsylvania and advocated for the application of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and other mood problems (GoodTherapy.org).

The original version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was published in 1961, which relied on negative cognitive distortions. The original BDI was not meant to be reflective of any specific theory of depression. The Beck Depression Inventory was derived from descriptions of symptoms from depressed psychiatric patients and non-depressed psychiatric patients as well as clinical observations. Beginning in 1971, Beck and associates at the Center for Cognitive Therapy began to modify the original BDI. The final revised BDI was published in 1978. The BDI had a second revision, the most current edition, that was