Introduction:
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) note that when children participate in the recommended level of physical activity of at least 60 minutes per day multiple health benefits ensue. Nevertheless, since the creation of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) increasing focus has been dedicated to bridging the achievement gap between students and less emphasis has been placed on non-academic curriculum such as, physical education. Research has shown that approximately 3.8% of elementary schools provide formal physical education with this percentage steadily declining as children continue onto middle and high school. This decrease in physical activity is in line with reports from
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Similarly, the National Association for Education of Young Children (NAEYC) stressed the importance of physical activity in cognitive development, refining motor skills and socialization among young children. While, research highlighted the importance of physical activity and education it has been inconsistent in establishing a direct link between physical activity and academic performance. This analysis will investigate whether children who participate in physical activity are more likely to succeed academically. I hypothesize that children who participate in physical activity, on average, will perform better academically.
Data:
This analysis uses data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Program Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K: 2011) a study supported by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) that tracks children’s educational experiences and development as they progress along the school system. Although, the ECLS-K: 2011 provides comprehensive data about multiple aspects of a child’s educational experience only select data points (11,027 degrees of freedom) were used in this analysis and are summarized in table 1.1.
The variables that comprise my analysis are: (1) number of days per week of exercise (day_weekYN), (2) participation in-group sports (P2GRPSPT) and (3) gain score for math and reading (gainmathreading). Furthermore, I omitted observations with missing values from my data set, 7,145 observations were dropped. My
For the first part of this literature review I will be looking at whether or not physical activity has an impact on students academic performance. The immense majority of published literature regarding this concept has shown a progressive affiliation between children’s physical activity and their academic achievement. Numerous longitudinal
Physical activity also has benefits for children's social and emotional development and cognitive development. These benefits include being part of a team and making friends through group sports, which have a major impact on social and emotional development. The effect of obesity on children is closely linked to many bad health habits such as diet, smoking and drug use which in turn can affect a child's academic performance (Goran et al., 1999). Physical activity, if encouraged at a young age, can reduce the likelihood of children developing these behaviours and focus on their academic performance and cognitive development. As children in this age range are in their fundamental development stage, it is important that educators and parents alike, teach children about the importance of physical activity at a young age in order to prevent health and social well-being problems in their adult years.
Finding a way to get students more active is a major concern for the American population. Elementary children in the United States are becoming less and less active each year. Since 1980, the childhood obesity rates, ranging from the ages of pre-k to pre-teenage have tripled in number— Six to eleven-year-old obese rates have more than doubled, going from an acute seven percent to outstanding seventeen percent. The rates
A Center for Disease Control Director (CDC) role is well defined. Thus far, the director of the CDC primary purpose is to nurture the public through an epidemic or a pandemic. It is essential for the director of the CDC to contribute to communication as much as possible. Furthermore, resources are vital when health threats are imminent and demonstrator threats. An essential point as a director of the CDC is national and state security. Nevertheless, a CDC director uses innovative security to control and confront all possible threats or attacks.
Established by Congress as an independent, nonprofit organization, the CDC Foundation connects the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with private-sector organizations and individuals to build public health programs that make our world healthier and safer. Since 1995, the CDC Foundation has provided $450 million to support CDC's work, launched more than 750 programs around the world and built a network of individuals and organizations committed to supporting CDC and public health.
Over the last 30-40 years, the amount and intensity of exercise has gradually declined. Few children in the United States have actually met the recommended “sixty minutes of vigorous exercise” per day (Institute of Medicine, 2013). Although most states and districts have policies pertaining to physical education, these programs lack reinforcement and are often considered weak. Physical education has slowly declined throughout the years, and the the purpose of encouraging students to make physical activity part of their daily lifestyle has been lost. Recent research from Cornell University has found that the average high school gym class consists of students being active for an average of only sixteen minutes! This is nowhere near the recommended sixty minutes of physical exercise. Physical education has been pushed to the side while academics have been prioritised. P.E. classes have become overlooked by society as a whole. Students simply see it as a courses used only for socializing, or to avoid academic courses such as Algebra, Biology, and History. While teachers no longer encourage students to be active, this should not be the path in which we take physical education. The importance of exercise and physical activity goes beyond the classroom with is proven benefits in memory, cognition and attention which are skills that can be used for daily life activities. In recent times, many programs are popping up across the country to emphasize the importance of being active!
The Center for Disease Control (CDC), is the main government body tracking, preventing, and evaluating the spread of risky and common diseases throughout the United States. In some cases, some diseases are not being reported by local and state governments making it hard for the CDC to track down the origin of the outbreak or behavior pattern of people involved. The authority requiring notification of cases or laboratories’ results referring to sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) such as Syphilis, HIV, or communicable diseases resides in the respective state legislatures. In many cases, local government health care departments provide epidemiologic services encouraging health care providers to facilitate the findings with the intent to
First, physical activity in school would help students to improve their rate of academic learning. Children who are physically active would perform, retain, absorb and pay attention better at school and home, than students who are out of shape. ‘A study, conducted by Bryan Mc Cullick, a kinesiology professor at the University of Georgia, examined all 50 of the United States and found six states where elementary schools followed recommended physical education at the middle school level, and no states had strong enough regulations at the high school level.” This
Due to a variety of factors – from increased time in school to long hours of watching TV – many young people spend little time exercising. In addition, as budget cuts force schools to drop programs, PE is all too often the first to go. Although the recommended amount of exercise for children is reasonably small – under 30 minutes a day – most schools provide virtually no opportunity for physical activity. Providing even a short “exercise break” could help kids get in shape; according to Science Daily, “Research results show that 30 minutes of exercise hard enough to produce a sweat is enough to turn the tide on an unhealthy body mass index” (University of Copenhagen). Raising the physical education requirements in America schools gives kids an opportunity to exercise without having to set aside extra time in their day. Just as academic subjects like math, science, and reading are core components of education, so also can physical fitness be taught through PE programs. Raising healthy kids is certainly a primary goal of the school system, and requiring even a scant 30 minutes a day of physical activity in schools could be the key to cracking the problem of childhood
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is an organization that was created to protect America from health threats both foreign and domestic. This organization fights diseases, educates citizens and provides care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is funded by the CDC’s Procurement and Grants Office (PGO) that receives it budgets through contracts, contributions and cooperative agreements. One of the programs that the CDC has developed through its funding is the healthy communities program.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) maintain a strong global health partnership to ensure the safety of all. While the CDC emphasis is to detect, prevent, and respond to diseases that threatens the American people; the WHO is concerned with public health on an international scale.
Many websites implement several swaying tactics to mold or change readers opinions about certain topics. Similarly, within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website pertaining to Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the CDC explains aspects of ADHD through utilizing persuasive strategies. Furthermore, this website informs the public of the significance of being properly knowledgeable about this disorder. Moreover, the CDC expresses the importance of recognizing signs of ADHD and the most efficient treatments for the disorder. The CDC outlines and carefully explains the different types of ADHD, such as predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined presentation. Also, the “Facts
Computer Science is the study of computers and computational systems and they deal with software and software systems; this includes their theory, design, development, and application. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a global leader in public and is the nation’s premier health promotion, prevention, and preparedness agency. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention works 24/7 to protect America from health, safety, and security threats, both foreign and in the U.S. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention fights disease and support communities and citizens to do the same. The CDC increases the health security of our nation.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) states that more than a million people in the United States alone are living with, and dying from Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and almost one in seven people are unaware of their HIV infection status. Over the past decade, the number of people living with HIV has increased, while the annual number of new HIV infections worldwide has remained relatively high. The trend of new infections continues at an increased level particularly among certain population groups and geographical locations with many separate epidemics. Each of these epidemics involves different risk behaviors and practices, such as unprotected sex with multiple partners or sharing intravenous drug equipment (Marcus et.al, 2015). Some countries have made tremendous efforts in expanding and ensuring access to treatment, but have made little to no progress in advancing HIV/AIDS prevention programs, whereas other countries with declining HIV/AIDS prevalence are not making enough and rapid progress to ensure access to, and availability of HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention resources. HIV/AIDS has gradually declined in the amount of media attention it receives, especially in the United States as cancer remains the global number one health issue. HIV/AIDS is still prevalent in the communities and it is important that the general public remain educated and sensitized about the disease process and its
(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015) points to many sectors of society including families, communities, schools, medical care providers, and the media as sources of influence on dietary and physical activity behaviors. In today 's society, we are seeing a trend of major influence coming from many different types of media. An example of this is social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook. Where people will post photos, usually with a filter to show their target audience that they are happy with their life, and not showing their real heartache. Another example of influence coming from media is from the Hollywood industry, in which to be successful in that type of business a person is to be thin,