INTRODUCTION
Being attractive is a mandatory virtue for any individual, considering the fact that the media today heavily influences us to an extent that certain physical features are fantasized to devalue those of other physiques. As subjective as it is, the perception of beauty is a controversial phenomenon. Dionne and Davis (2012) believed that “personality is a lens through which this view [perception of beauty] is filtered” and “this lens of personality can also serve to bias the judgments we make about body size and shape and the consequences of these judgments on self-worth” (italics added).
Narcissism
To what owes such judgment on this particular subject lies rather under one’s personality. Such complexity is introduced as narcissism; a term defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1987 in their third and revised edition “a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy and behavior), lack of empathy, and hypersensitivity to the evaluation of others, beginning by early adulthood and
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Morf and Rhodewalt (2001) believed that self-affirmation has a significant impact on how a narcissist is born. When self-needs were not met in childhood, they would seek to achieve them in their later relationship, causing it to be “imbued with hostility and mistrust” (Morf & Rhodewalt, 2001). Likewise, Patricia described herself as “not good enough for her parents” and thus, reacted with “enraged when criticized or treated badly”; of which this behavior was seen under high “angry hostility” (Corbitt, 2002). In addition, a narcissist also exhibits “grandiosity and self-importance” repetitively (Morf & Rhodewalt, 2001). Such selfishness was evident when Patricia showed lack of empathy for other employees to be in charge of an unpleasant job that she was first assigned to (Corbitt,
Selfish individuals can be categorized as “narcissists,” especially in this era where everybody should comply to the global community. Narcissists find happiness in feeling superior to other people. The late professor explained how some focus on their own betterment rather than the world’s — dissolving the importance of affiliation (Lemaitre, 2016).
Narcissism personality disorder according to DSM-V is (and now also in Section II of DSM-5) describe “a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy . . .,” indicated by five or more of the following: (a) a grandiose sense of self-importance; (b) preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love; (c) beliefs of being special and unique; (d) requirements of excessive admiration; (e) a sense of entitlement; (f) interpersonal exploitativeness; (g) lack of empathy; (h) envy of others; and (i) arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes. Narcissism has been around or studied for thirty years. Rosenfeld thought that that his client had invented an alter ego at first. In the article what part do narcissism play in the narcissistic disorder? It talk about narcissistic disorder arise when an ego-destructive super ego has arisen in the course of development. The article talks about that trauma as a child or infant may also play a big part of narcissism. A large part of narcissistic disorder comes from a wide range of symptoms like self-enhancing and self-serving incentives. (Elsa Ronningstam) described a 21 none year old client that she treated, his parents brought him in to see her and they described him as selfish, inconsiderate, demanding, and demeaning, with threatening and verbally aggressive behavior, and involved in poly substance abuse (pp 434-438). Bob his self-admitted that some
Narcissism can be defined as “ a mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others. But behind this mask of ultra confidence lies a fragile self-esteem that 's vulnerable to the slightest criticism” (Narcissistic personality disorder, n.d.). With this disorder people generally are unhappy and disappointed when they are not privileged to special favors or given admiration they believe they deserve. With narcissistic personality disorder problems in many areas of life can arise such as work, school, financial affairs, and relationships.
Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A crosstemporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76, 875–902.
To understand narcissism, it is important to have a simple recognition of what a mental disorder is. A mental disorder is a disorder that interferes with a person’s ability to think, feel, function, express moods and emotions, and relate to other people. “One in four American adults is affected by a mental disorder each year, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness” (Mental Disorders). Narcissism also falls under the category of a personality disorder. A personality disorder is a psychological disorders marked by inflexible, disruptive, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social and other functioning. Narcissism itself involves characteristics such as inflated self-esteem, lack of empathy, tendency to exploit others, need for excessive admiration, vanity, sense of superiority, desire for authority, interpersonal exploitation, and feelings of entitlement. There are two subcategories under narcissism; covert narcissistic personality disorder and overt narcissistic personality disorder. Covert narcissistic personality disorder involves outward expression of low self-esteem and hypersensitivity but underlying attitudes of superiority and sense of entitlement. Overt narcissistic personality disorder involves grandiosity and arrogance (Weikel). The symptoms expressed by narcissists are considered truculent. Sadly, “these characteristics may be increasing among American college students” (Weikel). These arrogant, self-absorbed people are usually despised in society, causing others to believe narcissists are criminals. However, narcissism does not keep a person from being virtuous and moral. Narcissism displays unfortunate qualities in people, causing families to decline the disorder in their loved ones, but it does not mean these people should not be accepted in
In this literature review I will discuss current research on this topic. I will first explain the background of narcissism and define the disorder. Next, I will
In comparison, narcissists to other narcissists to some degree they all share similarities regardless of which category they apply. When deciding the abilities individually that we have compared to others, concepts of social comparison theories are made (Aronson, et al., 2016). For instance, communal narcissist experiences the qualities of those that are known as narcissists. Regardless, of having a distinct name for narcissist the theory remains that their thoughts and actions are based on the same level of understandings. However, differences can be noted through a larger view of oneself given examples such as their levels of assertiveness, competence, and authority, yet their thoughts remain as selfishness. Communal narcissism thoughts remain on the level that continues to see themselves with realizations of that life is all about self or the concept of I, also known as an addiction to oneself. Addictions come in many forms
Hey! Why aren’t you looking at me?! I am so much better than you will ever be! I just got a giant raise at my fancy new job. I clearly am so much better than you, so I will no longer waste my time speaking to you. The statements from up above are just a few things you could hear from a person with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. What exactly is Narcissistic Personality Disorder? Well according to mayoclinic it is a “mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others. But behind this mask of ultra confidence lies a fragile self-esteem that's vulnerable to the slightest criticism”. I chose this particular disorder because it seemed the most interesting to me. Although
People around the world of all ages present narcissistic behavior. However, they don't come out of the womb preparing for a self-centered life. They're influenced by a plethora of "good intentions". This sense of entitlement roots from parenting, a desire for celebrity status, and even social networking.
Narcissistic comes from Narcissus which is known as a Greek mythology character that fell in love with his own reflection in a pool of water. A Narcissistic personality disorder a mental disorder in which a person has an exaggerated sense of self-importance to most they are seen as conceited and egotistic. This disorder cannot be cured but can be treated with therapy. Therapy allows people with this disorder to behave in a compassionate way towards others. The article Diseases and Conditions Narcissistic personality disorder by the Mayo Clinic staff states, “A narcissistic personality disorder causes problems in many areas of life, such as relationships, work, school or financial affairs. You may be generally unhappy and disappointed when you're not given the special favors or admiration you believe you deserve.” Patients that are diagnosed with this disorder are known to lack empathy towards other. In order to be diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality disorder if someone were to not get treated it could cause problems in relationship, school, working environments, depression, drug or alcohol, and abuse suicidal thoughts or behavior. Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a
Personality disorder is a broad word to describe the many psychological disorders that affect ones thought, feelings and behaviors. Personality disorders can be characterized by thinking that is poorly adapted and behavior that is exaggerated and rigid, to the point of causing serious distress for self and/or others. People with personality disorders can be harmless people who we make this are a little strange, all the way to a killer who has no sympathy for what he/she has done.
Could Professional Narcissism really be underrated for no good reason? The much maligned ‘self absorbed’ high achievers might in fact just be your average garden variety Narcissists.
While narcissism only affects one percent of the population, everyone can be perceived to have some degree of self-absorption. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is a spectrum that determines the level of vanity in an individual. Scores can range anywhere from 0 to 40, but the typical person scores in the low to mid teens. After taking an online test, we have decided that it is very easy to cheat the test because the options are either completely narcissistic or completely selfless and therefore very easy to fix. Typically, people aged 18-23 have a higher score than other age groups. This is due to the fact that most young adults have moved away from their families, but do not have families of their own, directing more focus onto
There are four main pillars to define a narcissist: lack of empathy, grandiosity, a grand sense of entitlement, and a constant need to seek admiration and validation from others. These things are what generate the inability to regulate one’s self-esteem. The concept that they can never truly
Narcissism is described with 3 words: less extreme acts of vanity, conceit and egotism (s.3 , l.35). These words directly refers to the people who are psychologically affected by ‘’new narcissism have very high thoughts about themselves.