The Development Of The Millennium Development Goals

We live in a country where all children go to school to gain an education and 25% of them will go onto receive some type of college degree. Compare this to low-income countries, in which children are 16 times as likely to die prior to their fifth birthday (Nickitas, Middaugh & Aries, 2016). Beyond the lens of our smartphones, Facebook friends and Nike sneakers is a world full of desperate people wishing to have enough food to eat for today. Many parts of the world lack sanitation, safe housing, sparse medical care and no medication. The global health issue are everyone’s problems not only for the sake of altruism but, with the increase in global travel for routine business and pleasure, dangerous pathogen are no longer confine by boarders. The Ebola outbreak four years ago, proved the necessity of a global solution to global health issues. The collaborative practice of several world health agencies and economically developed countries along with the use of volunteers, statistical updates, the latest literature and practices kept this outbreak mostly contained to its region of origin and the death toll to approximately 11,000 people (mainly in West Africa) (WHO,

In late 2013, Ebola virus disease (EVD), a deadly and lethal disease, remerged in West Africa spreading to various countries in the region. In humans, the disease is spread through contact with infected bodily fluids leading to haemorrhagic fever (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). Originating in 1976 in equatorial Africa, past outbreaks with a few hundred cases had been contained within rural, forested areas in Uganda and Congo (Piot, 2012). In 2014, a total of 20, 206 cases and 7,905 deaths were reported to have occurred in up to eight countries worldwide. Of all cases and deaths resulting from the disease, 99.8% occurred in three neighbouring West African countries - Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea (WHO, 2014). With a case fatality rate from about 50% to 90%, and the absence of preventative or curative therapies, the Ebola epidemic has led to overall global alarm and further elucidated existing global health disparities that perpetuated the epidemic with these West African countries.

The whole world is at edge knowing that Ebola is a very lethal virus and it is very tough to treat and cure an infected person. But it has been seen that in countries were level of development is higher and health care is easily reached this disease can be fought.

What was usually a disease contained in regions of sub-Saharan Africa became a global worry. Although the outbreak started in Guinea, it quickly spread to two neighboring countries. From these three countries, cases were then transmitted to the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom. No vaccine was available to stop the spread of Ebola. This deadly disease went from being a problem in only a small region of the world to being seen in three noncontiguous countries, which could have sowed the seeds of a pandemic had the cases not been contained. As a global community, we gain from our interactions with all citizens, but we must also be aware that we can also suffer from diseases that we think of as only affecting the “others.” If we do not help those “others,” we may become part of

UNICEF officer, Suzanne Mary Beukes provided a clearer insight to how poor the country of Guinea is when she wrote, "The world has virtually quarantined a country in which 43 percent of people were already living on less than $1.25 a day prior to this health crisis” (Gholipour, 2014). The countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone (the countries where outbreaks primarily occurred), are some of the poorest countries in the world as a result of their recent civil war and the damaged health and education infrastructures that followed. (“Factors that Contributed to the Spread of Ebola,” n.d., para. 10). The poor infrastructures led to the delayed transportation of patients and lab work to labs and hospitals in addition to the lack of communication between health facilities. In addition to the lack of health facilities, there was shortage of healthcare workers. “Prior to the outbreaks, the three countries (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone) had a ratio of only one to two doctors per nearly 100,000 population” (“Factors that Contributed to the Spread of Ebola,” n.d., para. 15). The poverty in these cities and countries lead people to want to move to a better standard of living, be treated for the virus, and look for food &

Despite modest health improvements in the decade or so following the end of active conflict, the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic revealed ongoing systemic issues. The global involvement in the Mano River region countries, and particularly the role of the World Health

Ebola Virus disease (EVD) is a severe and often fatal illness in humans according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) (WHO, 2016). Although initially originating in wild animals it spreads through the human population via human to human transmission of bodily fluids with the average casualty rate being about 50% (WHO, 2016). The key to prevention and control of Ebola outbreaks is through community engagement, safe burials and good health centre prevention measures (WHO, 2015). Two countries will be examined one has experienced multiple cases of Ebola, Sierra Leone, and the other a few cases, the United States of America. The

Ebola is the global killer and communicable disease of the world with 69 % case fatality rate, whereas only Zaire strain virus has 90% case fatality rate. It attacks Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, especially the west African’s region as

Prevention of the Ebola virus is more useful than the treatments. Improving sanitation is an important thing to do in rural African countries. Any victims need to be isolated as soon as possible. Quarantining of infected people from others plays a major role. People who have been in close contact with the infected

In 2014 the world faced one of its worst epidemics. Ebola swept the continent of Africa, killing thousands before much of the globe even knew what had happened. The disease caused devastation to communities as loved ones were whisked away never to be seen again. Ebola affected communities and government more than initially recognized as they learned that they had been ill-equipped to respond to such a disaster and that it has prolonging psychological effects. Symptoms that are associated with Ebola include “fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, widespread bleeding, and diarrhea” (Bortel 210). According to Bhatnagar, the outbreak started first in Guinea, on March 13, 2014 where it caused 49 cases and 29 deaths (“Study of Recent Ebola Virus…”).

order to control the Ebola virus, we have to understand where it came from, its

2.4 million people died of an AIDS-related illness in Africa, and since the beginning of

189 United Nations Member States agreed to achieve 8 goals for The UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from 2000 to 2015 for fighting poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women in the word. In addition, tuberculosis (TB) was also the sixth goal of MDGs leading cause of death worldwide. The WHO estimated over 9.6 million people fall ill with TB in 2014: 5.4 million men, 3.2 million women and 1.0 million children. (WHO,2014)

In the present study we evaluate the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as a framework for measuring development and assess how India and its states are doing in terms of the MDGs. The global community and the UN are busy reviewing the Millennium declaration during ten years into the new millennium. There is a race of the nations to attain their MDGs. Many countries around the world are part of this project and making independent assessment of their country situation. The achievement of the MDGs critically depends on India in world. The sheer size of India and its large share in world population contribute a huge proportion to the global burden of poverty, hunger, malnourishment, illiteracy, diseases and gender discriminations among the other human development problems. MDGs aim to erase these problems from the face of the earth. India has large area with different social dimensions and inequity of distribution among economic classes and social groups. Fundamentals to the absolute and relative size of India’s burden of these problems are the challenges. At the sub-national level a complete understanding of the underlying problem in both quantitative and qualitative terms requires extensive analysis (MDGs India Country Report 2010). This chapter presents overview of all these aspects and a synthesis of key findings and conclusions.

The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 4) established by the United Nations in 2000 is to reduce child mortality. Its target is to reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the mortality rate of children under five.