The European Union ( Eu )

The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 different countries. It consists of about half a billion citizens, and its combined economy represents about 20 percent of the world’s total economy (Briney, 2015). Today The European Union works as a single market, with free movement of people, goods and services from one country to another. There is a standard system of laws to be followed, and since 1999 many countries share a single currency called the Euro (Europa.eu, 2015). This essay will explore the background history of the European Union and the benefits and drawbacks of the European Union.

The European Union was initially set up as a means to terminate the conflict that occurred within Europe throughout the 20th century, culminating with the end of The Second World War (WWII) and The Cold War that followed. The EU ultimately aimed to bring the member countries together in order to form an ‘ever closer union’ between the countries of Europe, thus preventing a future battle. The Union started as the European Economic Community (EEC), which was established in 1957, and over the years endured numerous adjustments to form the politico-economic union that we know of today.

The Internal Market of the European Union (EU) is one of Europe’s significant achievements and its greatest resource in times of modern globalisation. Since its creation in 1993, the Internal Market has opened itself more to competition, created jobs and reduced many trade barriers. It is the principal instrument for building a stronger and fairer economy in the EU. It assures the free movement of people, services, goods and capital, and by doing so, creates fresh opportunities for businesses and consumers. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union adopts measures with the aim of combining national markets in a single market with the characteristics of a domestic market. The vision is that it should be as easy to trade between London and Madrid as it is between London and Manchester.

“Quantitative restrictions on imports and all measures having equivalent effect shall be prohibited between Member States”

Consequently, Derogations should not be enforced arbitrary; additionally, they may not cause a disguised discrimination between member states, to rely on Art 36 TFEU a measure must be justified objectively. Also, another requirement which a national rule must fulfil to comply with Art 36 TFEU is that it cannot form arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restraint on trade between Member states. The purpose of this condition is to prevent restrictions on trade based on one of the derogations stated in the first condition of Art 36 TFEU from being diverted from their purpose and used in a way to either create discrimination in respect of goods created in other member states or indirectly to guard certain domestic products.

In addition, this is notwithstanding the time when these procurements were made, so Community acts are better even than those national acts which were authorized later. Segment 2(1) ECA, perceives the lawful legitimacy and direct applicability of Community and now Union Treaties and Regulation officially existing and give that all such future group and now EU lawful procurements shall be perceived.2

the free trade leads to joblessness as well as the loss of value for the domestic products and

This question concerns non-fiscal barriers to the free movement of goods in the European Union. Issues concerning Articles 34,35 or 36 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) are raised and Brian’s potential claim is against France as the Member State who has enacted measures which may restrict imports and exports, thereby violating the Treaty.

Articles 26 to 37 TFEU are dedicated to facilitating a common and internal market which includes customs union , a prohibition on tariffs and the prevention of discrimination against the goods of other Member States . The question to be asked at this moment would be whether the imposed cost constitutes an infringement upon one of the core tenets of

Protectionism is a natural reaction to foreign competition and the EU member states have been no exception. Article 296 of the EC Treaty offers an exemption from internal market regulations when their application would undermine member states’ security. Predictably, members have employed a loose interpretation of Article 296 in order to avoid an open market for defense contracts. They generally prefer to procure military equipment domestically to support their defense industry.

As the raison d 'etre of the common market, the free movement of goods may be regarded as a fundamental freedom common to all states holding membership of the European Community. The role of the European Court of Justice as a decision-maker is critical in maintaining and ensuring that free movement can prevail between the United States of Europe. Its

Protectionism is the natural reaction to foreign competition and the EU member states have been no exception. Article 296 of the EC Treaty offers an exemption from internal market regulations when their application would undermine member states’ security. Predictably, members have employed a loose interpretation of Article 296 in order to avoid an open market for defense contracts. They generally prefer to procure military equipment domestically to support their defense industry.

Articles 3,4 and 6 of the TFEU provides the areas where European Union have exclusive competences, shared and supporting competences respectively and the Union shall act only within the

It is true that the European Union is taking the steps to have the rebuilding of security against terrorism. The military forces have started to take the actions in order to cope with the increasing issue of terrorism. However, it is also true that the miss-conception has been formed regarding the image of Muslims in the Europe as they are being subjected to wrong treatments for the terrorist impressions as research reports that “…The Ministry of Defense decided to deploy 10,500 soldiers to sensitive areas, with nearly half of them assigned to the protection of the country 's 717 Jewish schools…”

In the world of Economics, the important word come to mind of people is Trade. Trading has been done from the time when human begin start to use tools that is circa 150,000 years ago(Watson 2005). Since then we have come a large leap from trading small stone tools to sophisticated machineries and advance software today. This report revolves about the specific topic of Trade Compliance which is relatively new to the pitch compared to the age of trade. The term Trade Compliance means that the trade done in with compliance to law of the countries in which the parties perform the trade. When did all the regulation start on the trade it dates to the time when the humans started to sail and import the goods of value to their own nation and government start to put taxes on the goods which are of high value this kind of regulation or the compliance is called the tariffing of trade. This further developed when the world is further connected and all the nation wants to do eat their share of pie in the world economics and thus bought the introduction of the Harmonized Tariff System back in 1988(Aoki Sibylle Bauer Quentin Michel Filippo Sevini Ian Stewart Webmaster Frédéric Wilhelmy and Viski Publisher 2015). This system is internationally accepted by 200 countries. European Union follow a complex Trade compliance program and is regarded as the best in world (Stewart and Bauer 2015,46). The Harmonized Tariff System is scratched the surface of the Trade Compliance due to