The Main Forces That Transitioned Europe Toward Modernity

During the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the European population grew immensely (Doc. 1). This was because there were lower death rates and more opportunities during this period. Also, one could also observe that the population increased the most in the countries that were being industrialized. Europe experienced tremendous population growth, but it was often decreased with plagues, wars, and famine. Food prices rose because there was a great need to feed the steadily increasing European population. This change fueled both the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. With more job opportunities, the European people took advantage of having multiple children because now they could provide more for their family. These fundamental

During the period of 1492 to 1750, Europe experienced drastic changes during their Age of Discovery. As a result of contact and colonization, Western Europe’s economy, political, social, and military systems changed, but also maintained certain aspects that enabled them to build strong civilizations. Such changes include increased (international) trade routes, more centralized governments such as monarchies, decreased unifying influence of the Catholic Church, and increased interest in military conquest and expansion.

Europeans were in a much closer proximity to the Americas than they were to asian countries. European societal groups, which included the competing merchants, impoverished nobles, monarchs, and commoners, Christian missionaries, and minorities different yet very strong motivations for having participation in empire building. European trading companies enabled the mobilization of both material resources like wood and crops as well as humans. The Disease in the Americas that had been brought by spanish conquerors made the natives weak and unable to stop the European invasion

Before the Black Death, Europe was already facing difficulties with the growing population. Due to the

In order to understand the significance the Black Death played in bringing about the decline in population in the second half of the fourteenth century, a number of issues need to be considered. To begin with, the Black Death’s significance should be looked at, including its victims, the rural and urban population, and recovery in the 1350s. Also, we have to look at the impact of later plagues, and the age and gender specificity of them. However, we should also look at other factors that affect the population, such as fertility and change in marriage trends. Given the particular question we should also look at the pre plague population to get a better understanding of the population in general. It is only by studying these issues that we can

By the eighteenth century all of Western Europe had begun to industrialize rapidly, but in England the process

     Population growth is usually due to either high birth rates with low death rates or heavy immigration. During this time there were normal birth rates, high death rates, and heavy immigration to compensate for the death rate. This caused a slight increase in the population during this time, but the demographics changed drastically. Over a short period of time an independent group of people had their identity erased only to be replaced by a mixed European culture with varying skin colors.

The Industrial Revolution serves as a key to the beginnings of cutting edge Western society. The same number of history specialists has viewed, "the Industrial Revolution was no inconsequential progression of changes in cutting edge frameworks and era, and however a social change with social reasons furthermore critical social effects. The Industrial Revolution can be said to have made the European working-class. It made the European middle-class as well. In the wake of the Revolution, new social associations appeared. There is no denying the way that the Industrial Revolution began in England eventually after the focal point of the 18th century. England was the "First Industrial Nation." As one money related understudy of history commented in the 1960s, it was England which at first

In the years leading up to the Black Death, the population of Europe had been steadily increasing. While new farming techniques and the development of arrable land helped to alleviate some of the shortage in resources, it wasn’t enough to fully sustain the population. Land is finite, and therefore the production of food had definite limits, no matter how well the farmers of the time planted. On the other hand, Europe had fairly high fertility rates. The two phenomenon of limited food supply and exponential population growth are incompatible leading to what some call the Malthusian deadlock or limit.1 The limit implies that at a certain point the population will outstrip it’s ability to sustain itself, and will

During the 18 century, in Britain occurred the most important phenomenon that changed the history, Industrial Revolution. It was a major turning point in their history but in the world’s history as well because the impact of the inventions changed the economical, social and political field forever. The standard of living increased therefore the population had increased.

During the latter half of the nineteenth century, Europe went through many significant changes that had great effects on their society. These changes were largely due to the Industrial Revolution that dates back hundreds of years, but shows most prominent influence during this time. The technological

During this time, Europe experienced a rapid growth in population due to advanced technologies and better foods from the New World. Although diseases still floated around, immunities began to build and sanitation improved a great deal. A

The Great Divergence signifies a period in history where Europe, particularly north-western Europe, developed economically at a much faster rate than the most prosperous parts of Asia, namely India and China. However, the timing of this period is unclear, with dispute amongst historians as to whether it occurred in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century, or as being “well under way in the seventeenth century” (Gupta and Ma, 2010, p. 285). Chinese failure and European success arguably both contributed to the Great Divergence, but it is key to determine its timing in order to understand which ultimately led to the phenomenon. This essay will outline both arguments and attempt to show that the Great Divergence occurred by the seventeenth century.

In the Brenner Debate, Robert Brenner suggest that the shift from feudalism to capitalism in England is due to social-property relations and institutions of political power. Whereas M. M. Postan and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie suggest the shift from feudalism into capitalism is done via economic change through population demographics. I believe instead that it is a combination of these two ideologies, feudalism shifted into capitalism as a result of the changes in social-property relations, alterations to the institutions of political power, and the economic change that occurred due to the change in population, but I believe it was during the Hundred Years’ War not the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries that these changes took place and the shift

Edward Gibbons infers that the population appears to have diminished in many provinces—especially Western Europe—from the