The notion of “white people” has made a lasting impression in history both by their greatest achievements but also their long history with slavery. So much so, that many believe that there is everything to know about white people and giving them more attention than needed be was ethnocentric. In reality the idea and history of white people is very much unexplored. For a “race” that predominately have made breakthroughs in the sciences, it is relatively unknown of their past. Understanding the origins of this “race” would help immensely into why white people came to the understanding and acceptance that they were the superior race. Before whiteness was made into a racial category there was no such race or society named as white. …show more content…
Winckelmann’s fascination with Greek beauty created a new white aesthetic to what in modern times call white people. Greek statues of the gods were carved in marble and people saw this whiteness as a beauty ideal of the Greeks for which they hold great respect towards them for their intellect. Race was shaping into a physical appearance. Racial identity “Caucasian” was deep-seated in the book of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, On the Natural Variety of Mankind, he saw it necessary to rank skin color hierarchically. At the top was the “white people” who he named Caucasian. A Caucasian had rosy cheeks, white skin and other features were listed. He was a scientist, so the concept of beauty was certified a racial trait and being Caucasian was the beauty ideal, this idea has adhered to this term throughout all these years. Being Caucasian was a name that Blumenbach attached whiteness to, mysteriously enough they were not originally “Caucasian.” Caucasian was the name for people who lived in Caucasus, ergo it is odd that these Europeans wanted to call themselves that when they were not even from that area. The intriguing part of this whole decision to name “whiteness” a race is that European scholars were so assured and self centered that their unawareness of what they have done would be later reflected in later years. Racial hierarchy was the dominant form of classifying individuals in societies. The odalisques represented the ideal of white
The aim of this paper is to define race, how people of diverse races relate – e.g. their interactions – how things have changed over time, and the impact this has on the different races today. It seeks to establish the real meaning of race, how we view and deal with it, and how this is a continuous process that is changing with time. Race is not an ancient idea, but rather a modern concept. For many centuries, race has been the cause of holocausts like the Jewish Holocaust and slavery. The race issue can be viewed from different perspectives. In recent years, people have used traits like skin color to define a person’s race, even forming perceptions of their intelligence, sexuality, and temperament, even though scientists have, for long, agreed
First and foremost, I'm deeply disturbed by what transpired at the National Policy Institute conference over the weekend. It's rather apropos that we are covering the topic of race at this moment. I'm furious but inspired (now, more than ever) to continue on this journey of justice studies as part of my personal commitment to be an ally for minorities. I wish that every person had the privilege of taking this class, the knowledge we're gaining is one of the most powerful tools we can use to combat the ignorance of white nationalism.
Beginning with the findings from Buck’s Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege, there are multiple, brilliant examples of racial mixing and establishing “whiteness,” both being main points discussed in Omi and Winant’s racialization theory. Buck establishes that ideas about race weren’t truly established until the late 1700s, and how physical differences were seldom ever noticed beforehand. This is illustrated with stories of different individuals living together with little conflict. Buck uses the
How race determined who was in and who was out. As Dickerson states “if race is real and not just a method for the haves to decide who will be have-nots, then all Europeans immigrants, from Ireland a to Greece, would have been “white” the moment they arrived here. Instead, as documented in David Roediger’s excellent Working Towards Whiteness, they were long considered inferior, nearly subhuman, and certainly not white” (69). This shows how race wasn’t about common culture or history but a concept to decide what race is good enough to be consider “white” or better than others. Even though the Europeans where the same race or color of the other people who considered themselves Americans or “white” they were still discriminated for being different and immigrants like everybody else. But soon they realized that identifying them self as being white gave them some sort of hierarchy. It gave them more class compared to the other races. As Debra Dickerson said, “If you were neither black nor Asian nor Hispanic, eventually you could become white, invested with enforceable civil rights and the right to exploit-and hate-nonwhites” (69). Being identify as white gave the power to have privileges that non-whites will never have since they are not the same color. Non- whites are treated unfairly compared to the white people in many ways. Discrimination not only took place between people of different races but
Since the beginning of time, individuals have been discriminated against based on their religion, culture, race, and sexual orientation. The article “How Did Jews Become White Folks?” by Karen B. Brodkin highlighted the struggles that European immigrants, Jews, and African Americans faced in the United States pre and post World War II. In her article Brodkin focused on the idea of “whiteness” in America, and how the word has evolved over time to include a variety of ethnicities.
Also race, as a social construct, is a group of people who share similar and distinct physical characteristics. Such as bigger/smaller noses, head, lips or other varies body parts. The social construction of human beings can be made out on a human taxonomy that define essential types of individuals based on certain traits that they have in that region.
The meaning, significance, and definition of race have been debated for centuries. Historical race concepts have varied across time and cultures, creating scientific, social, and political controversy. Of course, today’s definition varies from the scientific racism of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that justified slavery and later, Jim Crow laws in the early twentieth. It is also different from the genetic inferiority argument that was present at the wake of the civil rights movement. However, despite the constantly shifting concepts, there seems to be one constant that has provided a foundation for ideas towards race: race is a matter of visually observable attributes such as skin color, facial features, and other self-evident
of its existence by whites is racialized. People of color say white people enjoy white
“The concept of race is based on the idea of fixed, ideal and unchanging types”
Scholars say that the term race should not be used because it does not have any basis in scientific fact and really has no use today. According to the AAA’s statement on race, there is 94% variance in genes of individuals within one “racial” group. Race has its basis in colonization, when trying to conjure reasons why some groups of people, i.e. Native Americans and Africans, had lower places in society than the white people. That’s why the groups of “races” are so broad and meaningless today. The concept of race is just used to spread prejudice and give so called “scientific reasons” to discriminate against another group. The term
Though race is theoretically rejected as a biological category in anthropological research, differences in phenotypes have created culturally constructed categories that are largely used to racially mark “white people”, as well as other “races”, in our society (Shanklin). Ethnicity is often wrongly
Cleaver, E. “The White Race and Its Heroes.” in Souls on Ice, 65-83. New York: Dell Press, 1968.
Race is a social construct that was created by the Europeans in order to minoritize different racial groups. In the reading by Bonilla-Silva, he defines race to be manmade, “This means that notions of racial difference are human creations rather than eternal, essential categories… racial categories have a history and are subject to change.” For example in a lecture by Dr. Aguilar-Hernandez, he stated that the Irish, Italians and Jews were called black before but are now considered white, Mexican-Americans were also considered white up until the 1980s. These ideas lead to the racialization of racial groups.
Although race does not exist in the world in an objective way, it still is relevant in today’s society. It is obvious that race is real in society and it affects the way we view others as well as ourselves. Race is a social construct that is produced by the superior race and their power to regulate. “The category of ‘white’ was subject to challenges brought about by the influx of diverse groups who were not of the same Anglo-Saxonstock as the founding immigrants” (Omi and Winant 24). Frankly, ‘white’ was the norm, the others were considered an outcast.
One could say that scholarly debate over the roots of race is a recent phenomenon even though its background stretches back to early anthropologists and sociologists. Franz Boas in his The Mind of Primitive Man (1911) rejects race as a determinant of culture, intelligence, or temperament (5-6). Articulating a concept of “cultural relativism,” Margaret Mead, in the year 1928, built on Boas’ assertions, articulated the idea that one must judge other cultures by their own criteria and not those of the observer’s community (234). Some anthropologists, by the 1940s, even rejected race and racism. Ashley Montagu offered such an argument in Man’s Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race (1942). According to Anderson, the debate on the origin of slavery was a more recent ancestor of the history of race and emphasizes that “in the past, most scholars had uncritically assumed that both race and slavery had existed from the first contact of white Virginians and unwilling African immigrants. With the latter subjected to reevaluation, it became possible for the former to be questioned as well.” (91) As such, the categories of