Ucb Cvp Analysis Essay

5. Fixed costs can be discretionary or committed. Using your judgment based on the discussion in the case, identify which costs are likely to be discretionary. Assuming that management is able to decrease discretionary fixed costs by 10%, what would be the impact on Bridgestone’s break-even point revenues?

Breakeven Analysis for Product Tylenol Approach 1 - Same price as Tylenol Approach 2a - Cheaper than Tylenol Approach 2b - Cheaper w/lowered trade cost $ $ $ $ Unit Cost (Variable Cost) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Trade Cost (Selling Price to Retailers) $ 1.69 $ 1.69 $ 1.05 $ 0.70 Fixed Cost (Advertising) 2,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 Break-Even Quantity [Fixed Cost/(Trade Cost-Unit Cost)] 1,834,862 5,504,587 13,333,333 60,000,000 Contribution Margin (Unit) 64% 64% 43% 14%

In order to break even, the minimal quantity of cars to sell at the average retail price $102,500 (($109,000+$96,000)/2) for the first year is

DQ 1:   What are the differences between the direct and indirect presentation of cash flows?  What are the advantages and disadvantages of the direct and indirect methods and which does the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) favor and why?

5. Determine the necessary sales in unit and dollars to break-even or attain desired profit using the break-even formula.

In our second assumption, instead of using the cost of goods per cases in 1986, we try to use the percentage it counts in the total expenses which is 50.4% and to find the sales needed to break-even. The detail of the calculation is shown in the answer for questions d. The result is that 95,635, a little bit higher than the estimated sales of 90,000.

$135,000 $90,000 TOTAL REVENUE $3,136,500 $2,352,375 $1,568,250 Expences TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS $454,000 $340,500 $227,000 TOTAL FIXED COSTS $1,403,000 $1,403,001 $1,403,002 TOTAL EXPENSE BEFORE IT $1,857,000 $1,743,501 $1,630,002 EBIT $1,279,500 $608,874 -$61,752 Depreciation $320,000 $320,001 $320,002 EBITDA $1,599,500 $928,875 $258,250 Furnishing Interest $110,000 $110,000 $110,000 20yr Mortgage Interest $182,000 $182,000 $182,000 TOTAL INTEREST $292,000 $292,000 $292,000 TAXES (40%) $395,000.00 $126,749.60 -$141,500.80 Furnishing Principal $180,160 $180,160 $180,160 20yr Mortgage Principal $49,713 $49,713 $49,713 TOTAL PRINCIPAL $229,873 $229,873 $229,873 NET INCOME $362,627 -$39,749 -$442,124 DIVIDEND PAYMENT $29,010 -$3,180 -$35,370 RETAINED EARNINGS $333,617 -$36,569 EBIT/INTEREST 4.38 2.09 (0.21) EBITDA/INTEREST 5.48 3.18 0.88 BURDEN $675,121.67 $675,121.67 $675,121.67 EBIT/BURDEN 1.90 0.90 (0.09) ROE= Net Income/OE (H1) 32.97% -3.61% -40.19% Revenue Estimates Revenue Item 100% Monthly 75%

Break-even Dollar Volume = Total Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin = $525,000 / 0.7111 = $738,282.40

The revenue is $600,600*1.2= $720,720. The variable cost changes as sales increases and fixed cost stays the same, the gross profit is $175,500. After tax, the net income is $100,557.

A result on the next page shows that at sales price of $21.50, the sales quantity rises to 1,140,085 units and net profit turns to positive for the first time. Besides, if a company continues to reduce the price further, at the point of $15.50, it is where the company’s profit on product 101 is in the highest position as it gives the net profit of $3,901,908.

Break-even point analysis is a measurement system that calculates the margin of safety by comparing the amount of revenues or units that must be sold to cover fixed and variable costs associated with making the sales. In other words, it’s a way to calculate when a project will be profitable by equating its total revenues with its total expenses. There are several different uses for the equation, but all of them deal with managerial accounting and cost management (Break-Even Point, n.d.)

The internal sales data showed that the business would need $45,000 in monthly revenue to break even. The sales forecast which have been prepared keep in mind a 65% gross margin, however, based on actual figure for 2009, this target has not been reached, and the forecasted sales have fallen.

2. The process of profit margin. Given the profit margin range of 9.2% to 10.1% between the following ten years from 1989 to 1998, it is acceptable to assume that the margin rate was uniformly continuous with a 0.1% increase from year to year.

Break Even Point in Sales = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit) ÷ Contribution Margin Ratio

net sales: $1,000,000 cost of goods sold: $700,000 rent: $20,000 wages: $100,000 other operating expenses: $50,000 net sales – all operating expenses = 530,000