Essay on Unit 1 Exercise 1

But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,

7. What is the piece of hardware that allows a device to physically access a network?

• “Data Link -Whenever two or more nodes share the same physical medium (for example, several computers plugged

composes computerized information into 53-byte cell units and transmits them more than a physical medium utilizing advanced sign

gateway. When the data packets reach their destination, they fit back together to for the

Routers and switches will be utilized to route network signals to all areas of this large network. Telephony systems will be introduced to serve the VOIP located at each location to assist with communication needs. Wireless technologies will also be needed to assist with mobility and other devices such as printers, laptops, fax machines, etc. Lastly, a physical firewall will be enforced at each location to protect the network from internal and external intruders.

The OSI (Open System Interconnection) model is a set of specifications that allow computers around the world to openly communicate. It is pivotal to understanding and developing computer to computer communications in a network. Each layer plays a role in the process of sending and receiving data. The application layer is the top layer (layer seven) it promotes communication between programs and lower-layer network services. The services at this layer allow the network to decipher a program's request and the program to decipher data sent from the network. The Application layer protocols, programs handles formatting, procedure, security, synchronization, and any other requirements with the network. The Presentation Layer (layer 6) acts as a translator. For instance these protocols decode the jpg/jpeg files sent within the Web server’s HTTP response. So, in the last step (the Application layer) we enter the Web address and it took us to the Web site. This step allows us to see the images and content of the site. The Session Layer (layer 5) regulates and controls the communication between two nodes on the network. It is an ongoing exchange of data between the two and keeps the connection between them for the duration. It keeps the communication secure, detects whether or not the communication has been cut off and if it has it determines where to restart the

Also cable lines running to fiber optic lines, through routers. And lastly it could be radio waves that computers can broadcast and receive or a combination of the above mentioned which are connected to enable communication via a modem, network card, radio transmitter, or router etc… sending your credentials in packets from your console through cabling to local access networks, regional networks, core/long-haul networks and ocean networks.

c) The memory chip reply with the data from the demanded memory position on the data bus.

Ethernet is typically the technology that is used to allow computers locally to communicate with one another. Computers that are close to each other they are connected by Ethernet.

Communication has been a real asset to humankind by having the capacity to exchange data starting with one then onto the next. While numerous diverse structures exist, for example, gesture-based communication, talking, and non-verbal communication, it is telecom that has changed the world all through the last hundred or more years. The information transfers framework has three separate things with a particular end goal to transmit what will exhibited. Person begin by the source or transmitter, which is then put into a medium or correspondence line, and ultimately there is a sink, or beneficiary that the data is yielded

In general, on the internet, every packet follows 5 layers of structures (Application, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical). Since I have to talk about Connection-Oriented and Connectionless as a service, I will focus on the Transport layer because they are part of this layer. It allows multiple applications to use one network connection simultaneously, the layer will create ports on your computer allowing them to be reserved and used by the Application layer. Let's say that port 3600 will be used to send a message to port 80 of some other computer, whenever the port is ready to send a message, it passed on to Transport layer. In this layer, it wraps the message inside the Segment which contains some additional

These types of communication are instant because when one person says something to another it doesn't take a day or an hour to get to them. It takes about a second so on the phone when you say hello usually there would be an instant hello back. There is in some case,s if the connection is bad, or if the two people are far away, a telephone conversation might have a bit of lag, when someone says something it takes a few seconds to get there instead of being instant.

If a device does not know how to get to a destination, it sends data to this device.

Advancements in the information technology sector have brought many benefits to the people all around the world.  Today with computer networking, we can chat, speak and see each other over a long distance. Data communication refers to the transmission of the digital signals over a communication channel between the transmitter and receiver computers. Communication is possible only with wired and wireless connectivity of the computers with each other.