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You came across an article debating the use of Prevacid® vs. Nexium®. While both drugs have the same therapeutic effect, one is sold as a racemate and the other is sold as a single enantiomer. Previous medications such as Thalidomide and Advair® have sparked a debate about the safety of drugs sold as a racemate.
1. What are Prevacid® vs. Nexium® used to treat?
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- Which of the following statements is true? 1- Amphotericin B is free of any known drug interactions. 2-The azole drugs prolong the anticoagulant action of warfarin. 3-The echinocandins produce infusion reactions. 4- It is recommended that the azole itraconazole be administered with pimozide, quinidine, or dofetilide.BiDil® is indicated for the treatment of heart failure as an adjunct to standard therapy in self-identified black patients to improve survival, to prolong time to hospitalization for heart failure, and to improve patient-reported functional status. Question 1: What are the generic drugs used to create BiDil®? Discuss the indications for both generics and controversy regarding the use of these 2 generic drugs to create BiDil®?Which of the following adverse drug reactions precludes a patient from being re-challenged with that drug in the future? a. Clostridium difficile superinfection from Moxifloxacin b. All of them c Stevens-Johnson syndrome from sulfamethoxazole +Trimethoprim d. Itching/rash from Penicillin e. Gastrointestinal upset from Clarithromycin
- For each of the following drugs, indicate whether the physiological effects of the drug were known before or after the target was identified. a. Penicillin b. Sildenafil (Viagra) c. Rofecoxib (Vioxx) d. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) e. Aspirin f. Indinavir (Crixivan)Which of the following statements concerning drug delivery system is INCORRECT?* A.Drugs with good aqueous solubility are good for controlled release formulation. B.The delay-released form is also called extended release form. C.Absorption rate is higher in compressed tablets than that in capsules. D.Drug core with polymer membrane coating belongs to diffusion sustained system. E.Disintegration and dissolution can occur at the same time.Kenneth is seen in the clinic with symptoms of a cold. The health care provider recommends that he take pseudoephedrine. Kenneth is unfamiliar with pseudoephedrine and the use of the correct dosing. a. What are the key teaching points for pseudoephedrine? What is the biggest drug–drug interaction problem with over-the-counter cold remedies?
- Answer the following questions:1. If excipients do not have pharmacodynamic activity, how do excipients affect the performance of the drug product?2. What is meant by the rate-limiting step in drug bioavailability from a solid oral drug product?3. What is the usual rate-limiting step for a poorly soluble and highly permeable drug (BCS 2)?4. How could the manufacturing process affect drug product performance?5. Drug absorption involves at least three distinct steps: dissolution, permeation, and disposition during transit in GI (an additional step of drug disposition in the body is involved as well for bioavailability). How are these processes validated in vitro when the in vivo requirement for drug bioavailability is waived?6. What is meant by “sink” conditions?7. What physical or chemical properties of a drug substance are important in designing a drug for (a) oral administration or (b) parenteral administration?8. For a lipid-soluble drug that has very poor aqueous solubility, what…A patient is prescribed 2 g of flucloxacillin to be given orally but is available in 500 mg capsules. How many capsules do you give now?Please choose all the ADVANTAGES of protein-based drugs such as antibodies compare to small molecules from the following options. A. high selectivity B. Biocompatibility C. stable to metabolism D. oral bioavailability E. long half-life F. high activity
- Which two organs of our body are most susceptible to drug toxicity and why?1) A patient with heart failure, hypertension and hyperlipidemia is taking furosemide, captopril, atenolol, and simvastatin. During a scheduled physical examination, about a month after starting all the drugs, the patient reports a severe, hacking and relentless cough. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cough? An expected effect of the captopril An allergic reaction to the statin Dyspnea due to captopril’s bronchoconstrictor action Hyperkalemia caused by an interaction between furosemide and captopril Excessive doses of furosemide, which lead to hypovolemia 2) Flecainide and propafenone are in Vaughan-Williams (antiarrhythmic) Class IC. What is the clinically relevant “take home” message about this class of drugs? Are only given for arrhythmias during acute myocardial infarction (MI) Are particularly suited for patients with low ejection fraction or cardiac output Are preferred drugs for relatively non-severe ventricular arrhythmias Have a significant…Make a drug study study about cetirizine (diphenhydramine hydrochloride) drug and fill up the corresponding details in the table. MAIN DRUG: cetirizine (diphenhydramine hydrochloride) INFORMATION: Cetirizine Age: 18/F Occupation: Basketball player Weight and BMI: 50 KGS/22 Blood pressure: 100/70 Heart rate: 60 Respiratory rate: 15 Temperature: 36.2 Diagnosis: Allergic reaction with eating shrimp with facial angioedema Chief complaint: Swollen ears and mouth Prescription: Cetirizine PO 5 mg OD
