1. Determine the effects of the introduction of the deduction on tax payıments. In particular (a) Graph the consumer's budget constraint. (b) Determine the optimization point for the case of a person who does not pay any taxes. Graph. (c) Determine the optimization point for the case of a person who pays taxes. Graph.
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- A proportional tax, sometimes referred to as a flat tax, is a kind of income tax wherein all taxpayers are taxed at the same percentage rate, no matter how high or low their income. A proportional tax system means that everyone experiences the same tax rate, whether low, middle, or high-income. Those who support a proportional tax argue that the system is fairest because the rules are simple and straightforward and no one is exempt; however, there is a huge con of proprtional taxes. Explain what that is. EssayAccording to the textbook, which of the following statements is (are) correct? (x) Taxes on specific goods such as cigarettes, gasoline and alcoholic beverages are called excise taxes (y) The government taxes corporate income on the basis of the number of employees. (z) The payroll tax differs from the individual income tax because all of the payroll tax is paid by the employer and all of the income tax is paid by the employee. (x), (y) and (z) (x) and (y) only (x) and (z) only (y) and (z) only (x) onlyConsider the following to tax schemes: In the first tax scheme the first 300$ is tax exempt and the remaining earning are taxed at 20%. In the second system there is no tax exemption but the tax rate is 25% over the whole income earned? Which tax system is more progressive? Make sure that you define your measures of tax progressivity and show whether they conflict with each other or not.
- Suppose you are a typical person in the U.S. economy.You pay 4 percent of your income in a state incometax and 15.3 percent of your labor earnings in federalpayroll taxes (employer and employee sharescombined). You also pay federal income taxes as inTable 2 (p. 228). How much tax of each type do youpay if you earn $30,000 a year? Taking all taxes intoaccount, what are your average and marginal tax rates?What happens to your tax bill and to your average andmarginal tax rates if your income rises to $60,000?Suppose that a nation decides to introduce a new income tax system with the tax brackets shown in the table. Income range Tax rate $0-$20,000 0% $20,001–$39,000 31% 42% $39,001-$70,000 $70,001+ 50% Use the table to calculate the average tax rate and marginal tax rate for each of the families. Where applicable, round your answer to the nearest whole number.The negative income tax has been proposed as a means The negative income tax has been proposed as a means of increasing both the efficiency and the equity of Canada’s tax system (see Applying Economic Concepts 18-1 on page 465). The most basic NIT can be described by two variables: the guaranteed annual income and the marginal tax rate. Suppose the guaranteed annual income is $8000 and the marginal tax rate on every dollar earned is 35 percent. With this NIT, after-tax income is given by After-tax income = 8000 + (1 – 0.35) X (Earned income) a. On a scale diagram with after-tax income on the vertical axis and earned income on the horizontal axis, draw the NIT relationship between earned income and after-tax income. b. What is the level of income at which taxes paid on earned income exactly equal the guaranteed annual income? c. The average tax rate is equal to total net taxes paid divided by earned income. Provide an algebraic expression for the average tax…
- In the diagram to the right, illustrating a per-unit tax equal to P, minus Pa, tax revenue is represented by the areas V and the excess burden of the tax is represented by areas D P3 F Quantity (milions per year)As of 2016, social insurance tax on a typical worker’s income is calculated as ___ of the worker’s pretax paycheck amount. Only ____ of that amount is actually deducted from the worker’s paycheck. The other ____ is paid by the employer. Self-employed individuals, however, must pay the full ____ themselves. For Social Security, though not for Medicare, the amount of income taxed is capped. The cap for 2016 is ____. Answer Choices: 5.1% 7.65% 10.2% 15.3% $118,000 $125 $133 700 900Calculating tax incidence Suppose that the local government of Jacksonville decides to institute a tax on soda producers. Before the tax, 40 billion liters of soda were sold every year at a price of $10 per liter. After the tax, 33 billion liters of soda are sold every year; consumers pay $12 per liter, and producers receive $7 per liter (after paying the tax). The amount of the tax on a liter of soda is per liter. Of this amount, the burden that falls on consumers is per liter, and the burden that falls on producers is per liter. True or False: The effect of the tax on the quantity sold would have been larger if the tax had been
- The Australian government led by Prime Minister Scott Morrison has announced to decrease the marginal tax rates for the rich from 37% to 32.5% from July 1, 2024. Explain with the help of a well-labelled diagram the economic rationale for such reduction in tax rates at the upper end of income distribution.For purposes of assessing income taxes, there are three official income levels for workers in a small country: high, medium, and low. The table to the right gives the marginal tax rate for the last hour on the job during a 40-hour workweek for each of these three worker types. Based only on this information, this nation's income tax system appears to be regressive Worker type Low-income worker Medium-income worker High-income worker Marginal tax rate 15 percent 20 percent 25 percent proportional progressive regressiveExplain very briefly what you understand from income effect and substitutioneffects of change in income tax rates