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1. Modifications of seaweed hydrocolloids changes its chemical properties and functionality. What are its advantages or disdvantages?
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- 1. What is the active substance and activity/indications (e.g. antibacterial, anti-inflammatory) of ampalaya or Momordica charantia?1. What is the active substance and activity/indications (e.g. antibacterial, anti-inflammatory) of talong or Solanum melongena?2. A pharmacologist discovers a new fungal metabolite with unusual antimicrobial properties. It naturally concentrates in the endosomes, lysosomes, and phagolysosomes of cells and directly kills microorganisms (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that are normally resistant to degradation in the phagolysosomes. It has the undesirable effect of raising the pH within phagolysosomes. Which of the following processes will be primarily affected? A) Class I MHC molecule peptide loading o B) Class II MHC molecule peptide loading C) B-Microglobulin surface expression D) Peptide binding to TCRaß E) Peptide binding to TCRYS
- 4. What do pathogenesis related proteins and phytoalexins have in common? How do they differ?5. Describe the main characteristics of systemic acquired resistance (SAR)? How can SAR be induced in plants? 6. Explain further the role of tyloses in plant defense system and disease development?1. What is the active substance and activity/indications (e.g. antibacterial, anti-inflammatory) of sitaw or Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis?1. What is the active substance and activity/indications (e.g. antibacterial, anti-inflammatory) of kamatis or Lycopersicum esculentum?
- 1. Give basic concept of the following terms with examples; 1- Homothallism, 2- Monocyclic rust, 3- Difference between epidemic and virulent pathogens, 4- How Induced systematic resistance creates in plants 5- Where heterokaryotic states occur in fungi?A 72 year old patient with a two week history of coughing was admitted to the hospital for community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The laboratory reports a G-, intracellular bacterium. Which of the following apply Production of cholesterol by the pathogen lacking a cell wall to mimic the human plasma membrane O Production of a gray pseudomembrane that may cause respiratory obstructions O An environmental pathogen associated with air conditioners and produces the Lcl adhesin A NF-OP of the upper respiratory tract that produces the pneumolysin exotoxin O Secretion of streptolysin O and S exotoxins by a pathogen associated with scarlet fever1. Give the active substance and activity/indication (e.g. antibacterial, anti-inflammatory) of kalabasa or Cucurbita moschata?
- 2. What difficulties exist in creating anticancer medications? Describe using an example.3.. Compare the role of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms in habituation and sensitization in Aplysia sp. sea slugDeveloping antifungal drusg is more difficult than developin antibacterial drugs. compounds that harm fungi more frequently cause side effects in humas than compounds that harm bacteria. Explain why this is the case, given the evolutionary relationship among bacteria, fungi, and humas.