1. There are 10 producers each with a cost curve C(q) = q². The demand curve is given by D = 2000 - 10p. Each producer creates a MEC (marginal external cost) of $100 per unit produced. a) What is the competitive equilibrium quantity produced and consumed? b) What is the efficient quantity?
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- Only typed answer and please don't use chatgpt The inverse demand for leather is given by P = 50-0.5Q. The industry supply of leather is determined by its marginal cost: MC = 0.4Q. Unfortunately, the production of leather causes noxious chemical residue to leach into groundwater supplies. The external marginal cost caused by these residues grows with the amount of output, and is measured as EMC = 0.05Q. 1A. How many leather is produced in the free market if the externality is not corrected. B) What is the free market price of the leather if the externality is not corrected? C) What is the social marginal cost?consider the following graph of the marginal benefits (MB) and marginal costs (MC) of producing paper. (This is not a question about externalities). Assume fixed costs are zero. Also, these aren't damages and abatement costs. $ MC MB° h f b d a Раper Suppose the firm produced at qa. Which area best represents the inefficiency associated with this level of production? o a. {e} P {f} OC {f-b} Od {e+c}What is producer surplus, and how is it measured? What is the relationship between the cost to sellers and the supply curve? 2. Why do flounder populations face the threat of extinction while goidfish populations are in no such danger The government often intervenes when private markets fail to provide an optimal level of certain goods and services. For example, the goverment imposes an excise tax on gasoline to account for the negative extemality that deivers impose on one another. Why might the private market not reach the socially optimal level of traffie on the road without the help of goverament? A key difference berween accountants and economists is their ditferent treatment of the cost of capital Does this cause an secouutants estumate of total costs to be higher or lower than an economist's estimate? Explain
- Marginal cost and marginal benefit (dollars per pound) 5 3 2 - MC M8 100 200 300 400 500 600 Quantity (pounds of coffee perday) The above figure shows the marginal benefit and marginal cost curves of coffee in the nation of Kaffenia. Which of the following would result in the quantity of coffee in Kaffenia differing from the efficient quantity? O The existence of price control in the market. The existence of many producers and sellers of coffee. The existence of a single producer and seller of coffee. Both "The existence of a single producer and seller of coffee." and "The existence of price control in the market." are correct.Suppose the the demand for a product is given by Qd = 40 − 3P , andsupply by Qs = 5 + 2P .(a) What is the equilibrium price and quantity?(b) What is the consumer surplus?(c) What is the producer surplus?The firm in the graph below faces a tax t for each unit of emissions that it releases. $ Marginal abatement cost 干し a b. What is the: i. total tax bill b Emissions a. Clearly mark in the graph the firm's choice of emissions when it faces the tax t.
- The figure below shows the demand curve for a U.S. farmer for irrigating his land. It costs $100 per acre to irrigate the land. Each acre of land irrigation generates salty runoff that winds up in the Colorado River. It costs $50 to desalinate this river water so Mexican farmers can irrigate their crops. Price ($) 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 DMBMB sed 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120 Irrigation (acres) Tools (2) MCpvt MC socialHighFlyer Airlines wants to build new airplanes with greatly increased cabin space. This will allow HighFlyer Airlines to give passengers more comfort and sell more tickets at a higher price. However, redesigning the cabin means rethinking many other elements of the airplane as well, like engine and luggage placement, and the most efficient shape of the plane for moving through the air. HighFlyer Airlines has developed a list of possible methods to increase cabin space, along with estimates of how these approaches would affect the planes operating costs and ticket sales. Based on these estimates, Table 13.5 shows the value of R, how much should the firm invest in R on top of the private return; that is, an R private return to HighFlyer Airlines would have a 9 social return. How much investment is socially optimal at the 6 interest rate?4. Hydraulic Fracking is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the ground at a high pressure in order to fracture shale rocks to release natural gas inside to be sold as an energy source. Up to 600 chemicals are used in fracking fluid, including known carcinogens and toxins. This is an example of a... a. Negative production externality b. Negative consumption externality C. Positive production externality d. Positive consumption externality
- use diagramsa. What is the effect on the equilibrium price and quantity traded in market of theintroduction of a new technology that reduces costs of production for all firms?b. What is the effect on the equilibrium price and quantity traded in a market of a changein tastes that reduces the demand for the product?c. What is the effect on the equilibrium price and quantity traded in a market of theimposition of a tax per unit sold on suppliers?d. What is the effect on the equilibrium price and quantity traded in a market of thepayment of a subsidy per unit sold paid to suppliers?For a product with external benefits like vaccines (positive externality),which of the following is true?Select one: Oa. The market equilibrium results in too much of the good compared to what is optimalOb. The market equilibrium results in too little of the good compared to what is optimal.Oc. The market will not provide the good; it must be publicly funded.O d. Large economies of scale work as a barrier to firm entry.Name two types of market failure. Explain why eachmay cause market outcomes to be inefficient.