1. Using the president’s new assumptions in (a) above, prepare a schedule of expected cash collections for April, May, and June and for the quarter in total. 2. Using the president’s new assumptions in (b) above, prepare the following for merchandise inventory: a. A merchandise purchases budget for April, May, and June. b. A schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for April, May, and June and for the quarter in total
Variance Analysis
In layman's terms, variance analysis is an analysis of a difference between planned and actual behavior. Variance analysis is mainly used by the companies to maintain a control over a business. After analyzing differences, companies find the reasons for the variance so that the necessary steps should be taken to correct that variance.
Standard Costing
The standard cost system is the expected cost per unit product manufactured and it helps in estimating the deviations and controlling them as well as fixing the selling price of the product. For example, it helps to plan the cost for the coming year on the various expenses.
12.1
Problem 8-25 (Algo) Cash Budget with Supporting Schedules; Changing Assumptions [LO8-2, LO8-4, LO8-8]
Garden Sales, Inc., sells garden supplies. Management is planning its cash needs for the second quarter. The company usually has to borrow money during this quarter to support peak sales of lawn care equipment, which occur during May. The following information has been assembled to assist in preparing a cash budget for the quarter:
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Budgeted monthly absorption costing income statements for April–July are:
| April | May | June | July | |||||
| Sales | $ | 460,000 | $ | 990,000 | $ | 440,000 | $ | 340,000 |
| Cost of goods sold | 322,000 | 693,000 | 308,000 | 238,000 | ||||
| Gross margin | 138,000 | 297,000 | 132,000 | 102,000 | ||||
| Selling and administrative expenses: | ||||||||
| Selling expense | 89,000 | 94,000 | 55,000 | 34,000 | ||||
| Administrative expense* | 42,000 | 56,000 | 34,400 | 32,000 | ||||
| Total selling and administrative expenses | 131,000 | 150,000 | 89,400 | 66,000 | ||||
| Net operating income | $ | 7,000 | $ | 147,000 | $ | 42,600 | $ | 36,000 |
*Includes $16,000 of depreciation each month.
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Sales are 20% for cash and 80% on account.
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Sales on account are collected over a three-month period with 10% collected in the month of sale; 70% collected in the first month following the month of sale; and the remaining 20% collected in the second month following the month of sale. February’s sales totaled $160,000, and March’s sales totaled $220,000.
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Inventory purchases are paid for within 15 days. Therefore, 50% of a month’s inventory purchases are paid for in the month of purchase. The remaining 50% is paid in the following month. Accounts payable at March 31 for inventory purchases during March total $93,800.
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Each month’s ending inventory must equal 20% of the cost of the merchandise to be sold in the following month. The merchandise inventory at March 31 is $64,400.
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Dividends of $24,000 will be declared and paid in April.
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Land costing $32,000 will be purchased for cash in May.
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The cash balance at March 31 is $46,000; the company must maintain a cash balance of at least $40,000 at the end of each month.
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The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $200,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. The company would, as far as it is able, repay the loan plus accumulated interest at the end of the quarter
The company’s president is interested in knowing how reducing inventory levels and collecting accounts receivable sooner will impact the cash budget. He revises the cash collection and ending inventory assumptions as follows:
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Sales continue to be 20% for cash and 80% on credit. However, credit sales from April, May, and June are collected over a three-month period with 25% collected in the month of sale, 65% collected in the month following sale, and 10% in the second month following sale. Credit sales from February and March are collected during the second quarter using the collection percentages specified in the main section.
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The company maintains its ending inventory levels for April, May, and June at 15% of the cost of merchandise to be sold in the following month. The merchandise inventory at March 31 remains $64,400 and accounts payable for inventory purchases at March 31 remains $93,800.
Required:
1. Using the president’s new assumptions in (a) above, prepare a schedule of expected cash collections for April, May, and June and for the quarter in total.
2. Using the president’s new assumptions in (b) above, prepare the following for merchandise inventory:
a. A merchandise purchases budget for April, May, and June.
b. A schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for April, May, and June and for the quarter in total.
3. Using the president’s new assumptions, prepare a cash budget for April, May, and June, and
for the quarter in total.
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