1.Prepare Nyarkoa Enterprise’s Income Statement (Profit or loss account) for the year ended 31 December 2019. 2. Prepare Statement financial position as at that date.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The following trial balance was extracted from the ledger accounts of Nyarkoa Enterprise, a sole proprietor as at 31 December 2019.
Trial Balance as at 31 December 2019
DR
CR
GH¢
GH¢
Building, at cost
650,000
Office equipment at cost
135,000
Plant and Machinery
263,500
Purchases
248,000
Sales
500,000
Inventory 1 January 2019
27,500
Discount allowed
4,800
Returns inwards
3,200
Wages and Salaries
64,885
Rent
5,580
Insurance
6,000
Trade receivables
145,000
Trade payables
132,750
Bank overdraft
58,956
Cash in hand
5,400
Long term loan
350,000
Capital 1 January 2018
________
517,159
1,558,865
1,558,865
The following additional information as at 31 December 2019 is available:
Inventory as at December 2019 was valued at GH¢24,000.
Required:
1.Prepare Nyarkoa Enterprise’s Income Statement (Profit or loss account) for the year ended 31 December 2019.
2. Prepare Statement financial position as at that date.
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