14. Design an experiment to determine how tightly epithelial cells are connected through cell adhesions. What would you expect with a starch molecule vs. glucose molecule?
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14. Design an experiment to determine how tightly epithelial cells are connected through cell adhesions. What would you expect with a starch molecule vs. glucose molecule?
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- 4. In the center box below, draw any generic cell membrane with at least 6 phospholipids in a neutral temperature environment 5. Now imagine that a cell with that membrane is exposed to a much hotter environment, but the composition of its membrane remains the same. In the box on the right, label if the membrane will be more fluid or more rigid in the hot environment compared to the neutral environment. 6. Starting again with a cell with the membrane in the neutral environment in the center, imagine that cell is exposed to a much colder environment, but the composition of its membrane remains the same. In the box to the left, label if the membrane will be more fluid or more rigid in the cold environment compared to the neutral environment. 6. Cold environment 4. Neutral environment 5. Hot environment More Fluid or Rigid (circle one) More Fluid or Rigid (circle one)27. Ions cannot cross directly through a lipid bilayer, yet we know they travel in and out of cells. Which of the following is/are true about how ions diffuse cross membranes? a) They diffuse down their concentration gradients. b) They diffuse through channels formed by integral membrane proteins. c) They diffuse down their electrical gradients. d) a and c e) a, b and c1. Ms. Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set- up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions: a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell. b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell. c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net movement. d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell. Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag (1.)
- 16. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? A. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. 8. They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. C. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. 17 D. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution. E. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.6. As a demonstration, an artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a semi permeable membrane is placed into a beaker containing a different solution. The membrane is permeable to water and to monosaccharide's glucose and fructose but completely impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose. The concentration of each cell is described in the diagram below. 0.03M Sucrose 0.02M Glucose 0.01M Sucrose 0.01M Glucose 0.01M Fructose a. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell? Explain. b. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell? Explain. C. Which solution is hypertonic, the cell or the solution? Explain.Cell membranes consists mainly of ________ and ________ . a. lipids; carbohydrates c. lipids; phospholipids b. phospholipids; protein d. phospholipids; ECM
- 20. How do molecules of cholesterol affect the structure of cell membranes? 21. Identify the type of transport described by each of the following: a. A molecule moves through a protein channel. b. 02 moves into the cell from a higher concentration outside the cellWhich of the following statements are correct about how the complex biological matrix of the cell may affect protein folding, stability and function (select all that appy)? A. ATP tends to "bounce" along the surfaces of many proteins without forming a stable complex B. Proteins make up approximately 30% of the total volume of the cytoplasm in a typical cell C. Compettition between drug molecules and metabolites in the cytoplasm may cause unexpected drug side effects not seen with individual proteins in solution. D. Large protein complexes move faster through the cytoplasm than small metabolites. E. Complex intercations between proteins in the cell may significantly destabilize a protein compared to the isolated protein in waterThe plasma membrane is composed of a variety of lipid molecules. 1. Phosphatidylethanolamine 2. Phosphatidylcholine 3. Phosphatidylinositol 4. Phosphatidylserine 5. Sphingomyelin 6. Glycolipids 7. Cholesterol. Which lipids contain sugar molecules?
- Describe the 4 essential macromolecules that are important to all living things. Which two macromolecules primarily make up the membrane of the cell? How do these molecules contribute to the overall function of the cell membrane?3. Many medications are absorbed into the blood through the cells lining the stomach and small intestine. The rate of absorption (passage through a cell membrane into the blood stream) for a molecule depends on the structure and properties of the molecule. Remember, the cell membrane is a bilayer composed polar head groups (circles on top and bottom) on the exterior and a large non-polar central region. (see example structure to the right). Bilayer e a) Which substance would be more easily absorbed into the blood stream; a polar, ionic, or non- polar substance? Choose one and justify your reasoning using chemical and molecular details. b) Furosemide (structure shown on the right) is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention in patients with congestive heart failure or liver disease, among others. It a weak acid with a pKa of 3.9. It is absorbed into the blood through the cells lining the stomach (pH 1.5) and the small intestine (pH 6.0). H2N, `OH CI N' i) circle the most acidic proton…2. What is the difference between storage lipids and membrane lipids? Describe why membranes can only be formed by one type of lipids. 3. What are signaling lipids and antioxidants that play significant role in cell maintenance?