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- What statement is not correct relatively to the polycystic ovary syndrome?A. Alopecia is commonB. Polycystic ovary syndrome presents with elevated androgen levelsC. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome have amenorrheaD. Hirsutism is commonE. Obesity is often foundContraindications to estrogen therapy in menopause embrace the following, except:A. OsteoporosisB. Estrogen-dependent tumorsC. Acute liver diseaseD. Thromboembolic diseaseE. Severe hypertensionIdentify 3 effects of Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) in pregnancy. Select one or more: O a. This helps to ensure the endometrium is ready to receive the implantation of the embryo O b. Higher levels of this are noted with multiple gestations O c. Reduces maternal insulin sensitivity leading to an increase in maternal blood glucose levels O d. Decreases maternal glucose utilisation, which helps ensure adequate fetal nutrition
- Identify 3 effects of progesterone on pregnancy. Select one or more: O a. This causes the uterus to remain contracted after delivery to reduce blood loss from the placental site O b. This is produced when the ovarian follicle that encloses the developing egg forms a structure called the corpus luteum O c. This decreases bladder tone leading to an increased risk of urinary infection O d. This prepares the body for pregnancy. It acts as an appetite stimulant Identify 1 effect of the hormone vasopressin in pregnancy. Select one: O a. This has an important compensatory mechanism for restoring blood pressure in hypovolaemic shock such as that which occurs during haemorrhage O b. Promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum at the beginning of pregnancy O C. Involved in thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycleIdentify 3 effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) in pregnancy. Select one or more: ☐a. This helps to ensure the endometrium is ready to receive the implantation of the embryo b. This is linked to the severity of morning sickness or hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women OC. Helps regulate oxytocin receptors in the myometrium O d. Promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum at the beginning of pregnancyDevelopment of normal female internal and external genitalia requiresa. Müllerian-inhibiting substance.b. expression of the SRY gene.c. insensitivity to circulating testosterone.d. complete absence of testosterone.e. absence of a Y chromosome.
- E B A В Identify the structure that secretes the hormone involved in the development of the secondary male sex characteristics and contributes to spermatogenesis. Select one: a. D, which is the Sertoli cell b. A, which is the spermatocyte O c. C, which is the sperm cell O d. B, which is the interstitial cellMenopause is characterized primarily bya. primary ovarian failure.b. loss of estrogen secretion from the ovary due to a decrease in LH.c. loss of estrogen secretion from the ovary due to a decrease in FSH.d. a decrease in FSH and LH due to increased inhibin.e. a decrease in FSH and LH due to a decrease in GnRH pulses.In positive mechanism, which of the following will happen if there is an increase production of estrogen in day 12 to 14 of the menstrual cycle? a/The level of released hormones cannot be determined b.There is a decrease release of estrogen in the ovaries c.There is an increase release of estrogen in the ovaries d.There is constant level of estrogen in the ovarie
- The Leydig cell is primarily characterized bya. aromatization of testosterone.b. secretion of inhibin.c. secretion of testosterone.d. expression of receptors only to FSH.e. transformation into the corpus luteum.Sertoli cells produce androgen binding protein. The purpose of this androgen binding protein is to : (select one) a. Transport testosterone to the developing germ cells b. Increase the clearance rate of testosterone c. Prevent the germs cells being exposed to toxic concentrations of testosterone d. Manufacture androgens e. Transport testosterone to the capillariesWhat statement best explains the role of progesterone in menstruation?a. Produces corpus luteumb. It prepares the uterus for menstruationc. It is a steroidal hormone that results in some significant endometrial changesd. Initiate this phase by the formation of the corpus luteumWhich of the following is/are NOT a function of progesterone and estrogen:a. Inhibits the production of LH and FSHb. Causes the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin releasing hormonec. Maintains the endometrium for pregnancyd. Causes the follicle to mature into a graafian follicle