18. Draw a water molecule forming a hydrogen bond with another water molecule above.

Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Chapter3: Atomic Shells And Classical Models Of Chemical Bonding
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 87AP: At large interatomic separations, an alkali halide molecule MX has a lower energy as two neutral...
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Please solve question num 18
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds are an interesting consequence of polar covalent bonding between two molecules, one of
which involves hydrogen as a partially positive atom. Unlike all other atoms that have filled shells of
electrons that remain attached irrespective of the chemical bonding type (maintaining the atom size in the
process), hydrogen has no filled low-energy shells, and feels all its electrons pull away in polar covalent
bonds. This shrinks the size of electropositive hydrogen atoms considerably, and greatly concentrates the
partial positive change. This causes the hydrogen atom to form a surprisingly strong charge attraction to
lone pair of electrons on a partially negatively-changed atom in another molecule. This semi-ionic bond
between two polar covalent molecules mediated by an electropositive hydrogen atom is called a hydrogen
bond, and it is a major determinant in protein interactions in biological systems.
Shown below is a hydrogen bond (dotted line) between acetic acid (the acid of vinegar) and water. In fact,
vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water
Xx₂
la
18. Draw a water molecule forming a hydrogen bond with another water molecule above.
Transcribed Image Text:Hydrogen Bonds Hydrogen bonds are an interesting consequence of polar covalent bonding between two molecules, one of which involves hydrogen as a partially positive atom. Unlike all other atoms that have filled shells of electrons that remain attached irrespective of the chemical bonding type (maintaining the atom size in the process), hydrogen has no filled low-energy shells, and feels all its electrons pull away in polar covalent bonds. This shrinks the size of electropositive hydrogen atoms considerably, and greatly concentrates the partial positive change. This causes the hydrogen atom to form a surprisingly strong charge attraction to lone pair of electrons on a partially negatively-changed atom in another molecule. This semi-ionic bond between two polar covalent molecules mediated by an electropositive hydrogen atom is called a hydrogen bond, and it is a major determinant in protein interactions in biological systems. Shown below is a hydrogen bond (dotted line) between acetic acid (the acid of vinegar) and water. In fact, vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water Xx₂ la 18. Draw a water molecule forming a hydrogen bond with another water molecule above.
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