2) Draw the isobaric phase diagram at 1 atm of the following two-component liquid system: water (Boiling point = 100°C) and nitric acid (Boiling point = 86°C), with the mass percentage of nitric acid on the x-axis. When the liquid mixture contains 68 % nitric acid, an azeotrope with a boiling point of 120.5°C, is formed. Use the sketch to describe under which conditions pure nitric acid can be obtained by means of isobaric distillation.

2) Draw the isobaric phase diagram at 1 atm of the following two-component liquid system: water (Boiling point = 100°C) and nitric acid (Boiling point = 86°C), with the mass percentage of nitric acid on the x-axis. When the liquid mixture contains 68 % nitric acid, an azeotrope with a boiling point of 120.5°C, is formed. Use the sketch to describe under which conditions pure nitric acid can be obtained by means of isobaric distillation.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter17: Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 128IP: Some nonelectrolyte solute (molar mass = 142 g/mol) was dissolved in 150. mL of a solvent (density =...

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Some nonelectrolyte solute (molar mass = 142 g/mol) was dissolved in 150. mL of a solvent (density = 0.879 g/cm3). The elevated boiling point of the solution was 355.4 K. What mass of solute was dissolved in the solvent? For the solvent, the enthalpy of vaporization is 33.90 kJ/mol, the entropy of vaporization is 95.95 J/K mol, and the boiling-point elevation constant is 2.5 K kg/mol.
Aniline, C6H5NH2, and hexane, C6H14, form partially miscible liquid–liquid mixtures at temperatures below 69.1 °C. When 42.8 g of aniline and 75.2 g of hexane are mixed together at a temperature of 67.5 °C, two separate liquid phases are formed, with mole fractions of aniline of 0.308 and 0.618. (i) Determine the overall mole fraction of aniline in the mixture. (ii) Use the lever rule to determine the relative amounts of the two phases.
Refer to the ternary phase diagram in Fig. 5E.4. How many phases are present, and what are their compositions and relative abundances, in a mixture that contains 2.3 g of water, 9.2 g of trichloromethane, and 3.1 g of ethanoic acid? Describe what happens when (i) water, (ii) ethanoic acid is added to the mixture.
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