2. Draw the branches for the next phylogenetic tree using the matrix below and then map the traitslike you did in the last example.Sharks and relativesRay-finned fishesAmphibiansPrimates →Rodents and rabbits →Crocodiles and relativesDinosaurs and birdsVertebrae?BonyYESYESYESYESYESYESYESskeleton?Sharks and RelativesRay Finned FishesAmphibiansPrimatesRodents and RabbitsCrocodiles and RelativesDinosaurs and BirdsnonoYESnoYES YESYESYESYES YESYESFour limbs?nononoYES YESYES YESYESYES YESAmniotic egg?Hair?nononoYES no2 2 2 2 2YESnononononoYESYESTwo post-orbitalfenestrae?1. Name the outgroup of this tree2. Name a pair of sister taxa3. Are there any polytomies on this tree?4. Name a derived trait for primates and rodents:5. Name 4 ancestral traits for primates and rodents: Vertebrae, Bony Skeleton, Four Limbs, Amniotic Eqa

Firstly, you have to identify the character which is shared by most of the taxa mentioned. After…

2. Draw the branches for the next phylogenetic tree using the matrix below and then map the traits like you did in the last example. Sharks and relatives Ray-finned fishes Amphibians Primates→ Rodents and rabbits → Crocodiles and relatives Dinosaurs and birds Bony Vertebrae? skeleton? Sharks and Relatives Ray Finned Fishes Amphibians Primates Rodents and Rabbits Crocodiles and Relatives Dinosaurs and Birds Four limbs? YES no no no YES YES no no YES YES YES no YES YES YES YES LYES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Amniotic egg? Hair? no no no YES YES no no 22222 no no no no Two post-orbital fenestrae? noo YES YES 1. Name the outgroup of this tree. 2. Name a pair of sister taxa 3. Are there any polytomies on this tree? 4. Name a derived trait for primates and rodents: 5. Name 4 ancestral traits for primates and rodents:Vertebrae, Bony Skeleton, Four Limbs, Amniotic

2. Draw the branches for the next phylogenetic tree using the matrix below and then map the traits like you did in the last example. Sharks and relatives Ray-finned fishes Amphibians Primates→ Rodents and rabbits → Crocodiles and relatives Dinosaurs and birds Bony Vertebrae? skeleton? Sharks and Relatives Ray Finned Fishes Amphibians Primates Rodents and Rabbits Crocodiles and Relatives Dinosaurs and Birds Four limbs? YES no no no YES YES no no YES YES YES no YES YES YES YES LYES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Amniotic egg? Hair? no no no YES YES no no 22222 no no no no Two post-orbital fenestrae? noo YES YES 1. Name the outgroup of this tree. 2. Name a pair of sister taxa 3. Are there any polytomies on this tree? 4. Name a derived trait for primates and rodents: 5. Name 4 ancestral traits for primates and rodents:Vertebrae, Bony Skeleton, Four Limbs, Amniotic

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular...

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C. Phylogenetic tree Interpretation. Salamander Lizard - Perch Hagfish Mouse Chimp Pigeon, Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails Lungs Jaws 1. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have fur and mammary glands? 2. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have jaws? 3. Based on the cladogram, which shared a common ancestor most recently----a mouse and a lizard or a mouse and a perch? 4. Which two organisms would you expect to have a closer matching DNA sequence for a gene that doesn't matter in terms of natural selection?--Hagfish and Pigeon or Hagfish and Salamander?
Hagfish Salamander Lizard Perch Mouse Chimp Pigeon Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails ungs Jaws Fig. 1. Cladogram on some vertebrates Related questions: 1. What is the synapomorhpy shared by the mouse and chimpanzee? Answer: 2. Specify the apomorphy of the pigeon. Answer: 3. Jaw is present to what taxa? Answer:
9. Complete the cladogram of the species and traits from slide 5, by dragging the labels to the correct spot. The traits should be placed on the yellow boxes and the species on the grey boxes. thumbs Lizard Bird fur / hair claws/nails Human tetrapod Rabbit 4 chambered heart Fish vertebrae Frog
1. We typically use molecular data (DNA sequences, amino acid sequences) to determine the phylogenetic relationships between different organisms. We then map onto that phylogeny the traits that the terminal taxa have and infer WHEN those traits arose. The table gives data for the presence (1) or absence (0) of traits found in primates. Traits Tarsier New World monkeys Old World monkeys 98 Gibbons Orangutans Great apes Anthropoids Late Cretaceous Apes 65 56 Paleocene Eocene Oligocene a. List the character states for the terminal nodes of the tree. Then MARK where on the tree those traits most likely arose. Opposable to es 1 1 34 1 1 1 1 Tarsiers New World monkeys Old World monkeys Gibbons Orangutans African apes and humans Miocene Opposable thumb Prehensile tail Appendix 0 0 0 1 1 1 5.3 2.6 0 1 1 1 1 1 LPleistocene -Pliocene 0 1 1 0 0 0 b. What are you assuming when you infer the node when the trait evolved?
Megan, a paleontologist, is working with a new fossil collection of trilobites from the paleozoic era. Part of her research is figuring out how many species of trilobites are in this new collection. What species concept will Megan not be able to use while doing her work? Biological species concept O Phylogenetic species concept O Megan will be able to use all of them Morphological species concept O Megan will not be able to use any of them
The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.
gamitangia Protectivel Embryo 2 Stomata Vasculas Tissul 3 True Leavils 3. Name a synapomorphy between hornworts and ferns Seeds 5 6 Flowers 1. Name any group of species that form a paraphyletic group. (Do not include traits) Livepruvats Club masses дутпаренть -Angiosperas Ferns Hornmorts green Algae 2. True or False. Club mosses are more closely related to Ferns than to Angiosperms. Correct the statement if it is false. 4. Name an apomorphy between Liverworts and Hornworts. Be specific into which trait belongs to what species.
Make a table separating the animals based on the physical properties such as: I. Presence or absence of a backbone II. Ability to breathe in air or water III. Cold or warm blooded IV. Carnivore, herbivore, or omnivore V. Presence or absence of hair/fur VI. Any other external structure such as horns After that, construct a phylogenetic tree (example is on the picture I uploaded)
5. 5. Draw a phylogeny the following taxa: shark; tuna; frog; lizard; mouse; whale. On your phylogeny label the first occurrence/evolution of the following traits: cartilaginous skeleton; bony skeleton; hair; four limbs; shelled eggs. Describe a synapomorphy using any of the traits you labeled on the tree.
1. Given the set of shared characteristics, evaluate whether the cladogram given is correct or not. If it is correct, provide justification and if it is incorrect, draw the correct cladogram. Fish Amphibians Organisms Fish Frog Lizard Bird Mouse Gorilla Reptiles Eukaryotes 0 1 1 1 Egg shells 1 1 Vertebrae Vertebrae Birds Four limbs Rodents Amniotic egg Four limbs 0 1 1 1 1 1 Primates Hair/fur Amniotic 0 1 1 1 1 1 Hair 0 0 0 1 1 1
Based on the phylogenetic tree below, which of the following is most closely related to mammals? A B TIME TIME Lampreys Root Cartilaginous fehes Ray-finned fshes Root Lobe-finned fishes Amphiblans Mammals Snakes Interior nodes Turtles Crocodilians Interior nodes Birds Select one: o a. Snakes + Turtles + Crocs + Birds O b. Lobe-finned fish Oc. Lampreys o d. Amphibians
Make a list of at least 10 morphological characters that you might use to generate a phylogenetic tree of the Caminalcules. Ignore the numbers found next to each Caminalcules- they do not represent who evolved first, second, etc. 2.Construct a phylogenetic tree of relationships (Hint: it may be easiest to cut out the critters so you can move them easily and then paste on them on a paper and draw the branches accordingly). 3.Identify at least 2 recent common ancestors and write at least three critical morphological changes along the branches on which they occurred. For example, did the claws appear (or disappear) as the different species evolved? 4.Take a picture of your phylogenetic tree and submit it with this document. ***Please note, this lab can be frustrating because you are “creating” the evolutionary story of how these critters evolved and who is more closely related to who (or not) along the way. There is no wrong answer since every student will focus on different…