3. Tom's utility function is U (x; y) = 3x+4y: His budget constraint is ax + by = 1, a, b, I > 0 a) Derive the demand function of x. b) Derive the demand function of y. c) Please draw the demand curve for y. d) If the price of x increases from a to c; what would the value of the Hickis substitution effect of x be?
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- 2. Suppose John's utility function is UX,Y) = 4/XY , where X is consumption of beer and Y is consumption of pizza. For this utility function, ( Calculus Kahuna say: MUx = 2Y/X and MUy = 2\X/Y ) a) Suppose Y=3. Calculate John's utility for X=4,9,16, and 25. For a given level of Y, does good X display diminishing marginal utility?A consumer has the following utility function: Ulx, y) = xy -y, *21 where x and y represents the quantities consumed of goods X and Y. y 20 What will be the substitution and income effects for X and Yassuming that the consumer attempts to maintain the same level of utility achieved before price of Y increased (that is, when price of Y was $1)? SEx= +0.5 IEx = -0.5 SE, = -0.25 IE- = -0.25 SEx= +0.293 IE = -0.293 SEy = -0.414 IE, = +0.414 SEr= +0.25 IE SE, = -0.75 IE, = -0.75 = -0.25 SEx= +0.414 IEx = -0.414 SEy = -0.293 IE, = -0.207 Income = $3 Px= $1, Py= $22 3 1. The consumer has Cobb-Douglas preferences for two goods x and y: u(x, y) = 10x¾yš Py> 0 and m > 0 is given. a) Set up the Expenditure Minimization Problem. b) Calculate MU and MUy. Ꮖ c) State the condition that explain why Cobb-Douglas preferences will guarantee an interior solu- tion. c) Give the two optimality conditions for x and y. i) ii) Px > 0, e) Solve for the compensated demand functions for good x and y.
- Mariah consumes music downloads (M) and concert tickets (C). Her utility function is giveh by U = 0.5M? + 2C². a. Using calculus, what is the marginal utility of music downloads? b. Using calculus, what is the marginal utility of concert tickets? Write the equation for the MRSMC (i.e., the MRS of C for M; M is increasing, C is С. decreasing). d. Would the bundles of (M = 4 and C = 1) and (M = 2 and C = 2) be on the same %3D %3D %3D %3D indifference curve? How would you know? e. Calculate the MRSMC when M = 4 and C =1 and when M = 2 and C = 2. Explain why the %3D %3D values of MRSMC differ across these two bundles. f. Based on your answers above, are Mariah's indifference curves convex? Explain using the values calculated. er thisIf consumers buy less of a commodity when their incomes rise, this commodity is ( an inferior good , or a normal good ) ? . When the price of this commodity rises, the substitution effect is ( negative or postive) and the income effect is ( negative or postive) ? . So the net result for consumption of this commodity ( depends on which effect dominates , is an increase , is a decrease) ? .Harry consumes 2 goods, X and Y and he spends N$60 per month. The price of good X is N$4 and the price of good Y is N$10. Harry's utility function is U(X, Y) = XY. (i) What is Harry's marginal rate of substitution? (5) (ii) What is the expression for Harry's budget constraint? (3) (iii) What is the slope of Harry's budget constraint? (2) (iv)Find the values of good X and Y maximizes Harry's utility. Show all your work. (6) (v) Illustrate Harry's utility maximizing combination on a clearly labelled graph. (4) (vi) Suppose the price of good X increased to N$6. Illustrate Harry's income and substitution effects on a well labelled graph. Show your work. (10) (vii) Suppose Genie is consuming two goods, coffee and beer. She spends all her income on a combination of coffee and beer where MUcoffee/Peoffee is 5 and MUbeer/Pbeer is 3. Explain why this combination is not maximizing her satisfaction. What should she do to maximize her utility? (5)
- Jerry spends his entire budget on bread and gasoline. His preferences are complete, transitive, monotonic, and convex. For Jerry, bread is an inferior good that follows the law of demand. Moreover, his cross-price elasticity of demand for gasoline with respect to the price of bread is negative. Suppose the price of bread increases, all else constant. a. Create a chart to show the total, income, and substitution effects on bread and gasoline of the increase in the price of bread. b. Use budget lines and indifference curves to graphically illustrate the three effects. Be sure to label each effect on your graph (or through the chart from part a) and plot bread on the x-axis and gasoline on the y-axis2. Ping receives a weekly allowance to purchase soda (x) and juice (y) at school. His preferences over these two goods can be represented by the utility function U(x,y) =0.5x+ 5lny where x represents the number of cans of soda and y represents the number of juice boxes. a) Given his preferences find his Marshallian demand functions for soda (x) and juice (y). b) Suppose that the price of a can of soda is $1.5 and that Ping has $30 to spend on soda and juice. Write Ping's demand curve for juice (y). Illustrate his demand curve. c) Suppose that the price of a box of juice is $1 (the price of soda and income remain $1.5 and $30, resp.). Use your demand functions to find his best bundle. In an indifference curve diagram illustrate his best bundle at these prices. For the remainder of the question assume that Ping's allowance (income) rises to $36 per week and the prices of the two goods are unchanged at Px= $1.5 and Py= $1. d) Use your demand functions to find his new best bundle. e)…5. Janice consumes two goods, X and Y. Janice has a utility function given by the expression: U=4X05Y05 and current prices of X and Y are $25 and $50, respectively. Janice currently has an income of 750 unit per time period. a. Write an expression for Janice's budget constraint. b. Calculate the marginal rate of substitution of X for Y. (horizontal line X, vertical line Y). c. Calculate the values of X and Y that will maximize utility. d. Graph your answers (budget line, indifference curve)
- 3 8. Let be the utility function U(x, y) =(xi + 2ya), , where x and y are the quantities consumed of two goods. (a) Show that the functional equation U(x,y) U(2, 2) defines y as a function of x in a neighborhood of point (2, 2). (b) If the quantity consumed of good x increases by 1 unit, by how much does the quantity have to increase or decrease? Consumed of the good and to keep utility constant? (c) If the quantity consumed of good x increases by 1%, by how much does the quantity have to increase or decrease? Consumed of the good and to keep utility constant?13. Shawn likes to consume pineapple smoothies and hotdogs. His preferences are represented by the utility function U(x,y) = 34x - x²/2 + y where x is his consumption of pineapple smoothies and y is his consumption of hotdogs. The price of pineapple smoothies is $2 and the price of hotdogs is $1. If the price of pineapple smoothies increases to $6, the change in Shawn's consumer surplus is: A) -144 B) -128 C) -120 D) -112 E) -90Biwei’s utility function U=4XY, where X is consumption of beer and Y is consumption of pizza. For this utility function, the marginal utility of X is MUx = 4Y; the marginal utility of Y is MUY = 4X. 1) Suppose Y = 3. Calculate Biwei’s utility for X = 2, 3, 10, and 11. For a given level of Y, does good X display diminishing marginal utility? 2) Suppose X = 3. Calculate Biwei’s utility for Y = 2, 3, 10, and 11. For a given level of X, does good Y display diminishing marginal utility?