4. Compare and contrast byte-stuffing and bit-stuffing. Which technique is used in byte-oriented protocols? Which technique is used in bit-oriented protocols?
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- d) State all the random access protocols and controlled access protocols. Explain why collision is an issue in random access protocols but not in controlled access protocols.Suppose you are hired to design a reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like TCP). This protocol will run over a 50-Mbps network, the RTT of the network is 80 ms and the maximum segment lifetime is 60 seconds. How many bits would you include in the Advertised Window and Sequence Num fields of your protocol header?What is meant by collision free protocols ?
- Define random access method and list two protocols in this category?4. UDP and TCP use 1's compliment for there checksum. Suppose you have the following three 8-bit bytes: 01010011 01100110 01110100 What is the 1's compliment of the sum of these bytes? Show all work. With the 1's complement scheme, how does the receiver detect errors? Is it possible that a 1-bit error will go undetected? How about a 2-bit error?The following questions are true or false, and you should explain your answer to them in a few words: In this case, the alternating-bit protocol is the same as the SR protocol if both the sender and receiver window sizes are 1.
- To what extent are the following statements true or inaccurate, and how would you support your position? The alternating-bit protocol is equivalent to the SR protocol with a window size of 1.Suppose an extension of TCP allows window size much larger than 64 KB. Assume the extended TCP runs over a 100-Mbps link with RTT 100 ms, segment size is 1 KB, and receiving window size is 1 MB. How long does it take to send a 200 KB file?For NAT Network Address Translation Scenario: Jenny Bello is a small business owner selling and making customized computer peripherals. She has been finding it difficult to track her sales and inventories, however recently after an expert's advice, she adopted a Point of Sale (PoS) server. So, she can now track her sales and inventories at the store. However, she ran into another issue, the server can only be accessed within the store, because it has been assigned a private IPv4 address, it is not publicly accessible via the Internet. a) Why is not having the PoS server accessible over the Internet a problem for the business? b) What caused this problem? c) Propose a solution for the problem and explain how the solution works.
- Choose "true" or "false" and provide a short explanation for your choice: When both the sender's and receiver's window widths are 1, the alternating-bit protocol and the SR protocol are equivalent.Computer Science Can you tell whether the datagram is carrying UDP, TCP, or ICMP data? How? What is the SPI for this SA from your Ubuntu to DVWA-Ubuntu? What is the SPI for this SA from DVWA-Ubuntu to Ubuntu? How are the sequence numbers changing in each of the SAs? In your own words, describe in what cases is manual keying feasible and in what cases it is not.The use of layered protocols is driven by two different concerns.