4.16 Atomic Broadcast. Assume one producer process and n consumer processes share a buffer. The producer deposits messages into the buffer, consumers fetch them. Every message deposited by the producer has to be fetched by all n con- sumers before the producer can deposit another message into the buffer. (a) Develop a solution for this problem using semaphores for synchronization.
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- Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access and transfer time of 25 milliseconds. Addresses are translated through a page table in main memory, with an access time of 1 microsecond per memory access. Thus, each memory reference through the page table takes two accesses. To improve this time, we have added an associative memory that reduces access time to one memory reference if the page-table entry is in the associative memory. Assume that 75 percent of the accesses are in the associative memory and that, of those remaining, 10 percent (or 2.5 percent of the total) cause page faults. What is the effective memory access time?please no chatgpt answer . Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access and transfer time of 20 milliseconds. Addresses are translated through a page table in main memory, with an access time of 1 microsecond per memory access. Thus, each memory reference through the page table takes two accesses. To improve this time, we have added an associative memory that reduces access time to one memory reference, if the page-table entry is in the associative memory. Assume that 80 percent of the accesses are in the associative memory and that, of those remaining, 10 percent (or 2 percent of the total) cause page faults. What is the effective memory access time? Consider the following page reference string: 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6. Assuming demand paging with four frames, Show which pages are resident under the LRU, FIFO, and Optimal replacement algorithms by filling out the following tables. How many page faults would occur…Implement c/c++ to evaluate round robin algorithm with i/o burst.I want my code to able to read csv. The link is to my csv file https://jpst.it/2IURz. The code must also have input for quantum time. The code must contain this following:(i) Turnaround time of the jobs;(ii) Waiting time of the jobs; and(iii) Number of interrupts incurred
- Logic XOR operation of (11101010)2 & (10101010)2 has a result of"? Explain your answer. A page fault means that we referenced a page A. Outside the memory boundaries B. With an incorrect I/O request C. That was not in secondary storage D. That was not in main memory Justify your answer with explanationsLet P and V are two atomic operations P represents wait and V represents signal operation. Counting semaphore 'S' is initialized by 3. There is no blocked process in system. If series of given operations is performed on 'S'. P, V, P, P, V, P, V, P, P, V, V, V, P, V, P, V, P, P, V, V, P What is the value of S finally.Question 3: On a byte addressable machine a string COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD PAKISTAN, starting from logical address 0 (zero) to 36 is to be loaded into memory, in noncontiguous fashion, using 'Paging' technique. The string is divided mechanically into equal sized pages of 4 bytes; similarly the memory is also divided into equal sized frames of 4 bytes. The ASCII code of each Character occupies one byte. The free frame list is given as follows: 8,3,4,2,6,7 ,5,1,9,21,24, 11 Answer the following questions a. What is the page map table? b. What are the linear logical addresses of characters 'U' and_'B'? c. What are the linear physical addresses of characters 'U' and_'B'? d. What is the difference between Internal and External fragmentation? e. What is the internal fragmentation in loading given string?
- 3. Consider the M/M/1 queue discussed in class. Assume that packets arrive to a queue with average arrival rate A [pkts/s]. The average service rate of the queue is denoted by u [pkts/s]. (a) Write expressions for: (i) the mean time between packet arrivals to the queue, i.e., the average inter-arrival time; and (ii) the mean service time, i.e., the average time needed to transmit a packet onto the outgoing link. (b) Let N denote the number of packets in the system in steady-state. Suppose A = 850 and u 1000. Find the smallest value of B such that P(N > B) < e = 10¬4. Hint: Use MATLAB or some other computational tool (you could even use an Excel spreadsheet) to test different values of B. 4. Consider the M/M/1 queue from Problem 3. (a) Find an expression for E[N], i.e., the average number of packets in the system in steady- state. For the values of A and µ specified in Problem 4(b), compute the value of E[N]. What happens when A→ µ? (b) Find an expression for Var[N], i.e., the variance…3. Consider the M/M/1 queue discussed in class. Assume that packets arrive to a queue with average arrival rate A [pkts/s]. The average service rate of the queue is denoted by u [pkts/s]. (a) Write expressions for: (i) the mean time between packet arrivals to the queue, i.e., the average inter-arrival time; and (ii) the mean service time, i.e., the average time needed to transmit a packet onto the outgoing link. (b) Let N denote the number of packets in the system in steady-state. Suppose A and u = 850 %3D 1000. Find the smallest value of B such that P(N > B) < € = 10-4. Hint: Use MATLAB or some other computational tool (you could even use an Excel spreadsheet) to test different values of B.Write a C program Producer – Consumer as a classical problem of synchronizationStep 2. Write a program* that solves the producer - consumer problem. You may use the following pseudo codefor implementation.*program to write: produce -consumer problem to produce and consume the alphabet.//Shared data: semaphore full, empty, mutex;//pool of n buffers, each can hold one item//mutex provides mutual exclusion to the buffer pool//empty and full count the number of empty and full buffers//Initially: full = 0, empty = n, mutex = 1//Producer threaddo {…produce next item…wait(empty);wait(mutex);…add the item to buffer…signal(mutex);signal(full);} while (1);//Consumer threaddo {wait(full)wait(mutex);…remove next item from buffer…signal(mutex);signal(empty);…consume the item } while (1); it consumes and produce the alphabets not numbers sample output is attached you please also attach your sample output
- Write a C program Producer – Consumer as a classical problem of synchronizationStep 2. Write a program* that solves the producer - consumer problem. You may use the following pseudo code for implementation.*program to write: produce -consumer problem to produce and consume the alphabet.//Shared data: semaphore full, empty, mutex;//pool of n buffers, each can hold one item//mutex provides mutual exclusion to the buffer pool//empty and full count the number of empty and full buffers//Initially: full = 0, empty = n, mutex = 1//Producer thread do {…produce next item…wait(empty); wait(mutex);…add the item to buffer…signal(mutex); signal(full);} while (1);//Consumer thread do {wait(full) wait(mutex);…remove next item from buffer…signal(mutex); signal(empty);…consume the item } while (1);Assume the following parameters for Go-Back-N: a) N = 4 b) Round Trip Time (RTT) = 10 ms c) Timeout period = 40 msd) Segment Size = 1100 bytes. Suppose that Bob sends 12 segments, numbered 1 through 12, to Alice using the Go-Back-N mechanism. Suppose that Segment 6 and Segment 11 are lost the first time the segments are sent to Alice, but reach Alice correctly when retransmitted. Apart from the above, there were no other segment losses. What is the average throughput obtained in sending all segments (in bytes/sec)? Draw a diagram to show your work in detail.(a) Explain Lamport's logical clocks, using an example of three processes with different counting rates. (b) Two machines are using the Network Time Protocol to synchronise their clocks. Briefly describe this algorithm. Demonstrate that A's clock is slow compared to B, by computing the relative offset between the two, given that: (i) A sent a request at T1 = 1 (ii) B received the request at T2 = 3 (iii) B sent a reply at T3 = 5 (iv) A received the reply at T4 = 6 (c) What is “Drift Rate” in relation to synchronization?