5. Calculate the consolidation settlement of the clay layer in the soil profile shown below due to a surcharge of do-25 kPa. What would be your suggestion to reduce this settlement? Assume the unit weight of water to be 10 kN/m². A 3 4m SAND T20 kN/m² CLAY 18 kN/m OCR-12 C-0.05 Ce-0.45 -0.9

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.