5. In mice, black color (B) is dominant to white (b). At a different locus, a dominant allele (A) produces a band of yellow just below the tip of each hair in mice with black fur. This gives a frosted appearance known as agouti. Expression of the recessive allele (a) results in a solid coat color. Predict the phenotypic ratio of the offspring resulting from a male mouse that is heterozygous at both loci and a female that has a solid black color.
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- A true-breeding rabbit with agouti (mottled, grayish brown) fur crossed with a true-breeding rabbit with chinchilla (silver) fur produces all agouti offspring. A true-breeding chinchilla rabbit crossed with a true-breeding Himalayan rabbit (white fur with pigmented nose, ears, tail, and legs) produces all chinchilla offspring. A true-breeding Himalayan rabbit crossed with a true-breeding albino rabbit produces all Himalayan offspring. Explain the inheritance of the fur colors.5A. In shorthorn cattle, the polled condition is dominant over horned. Also, the heterozygous condition (RW) of red coat (R) and white coat (W) is roan, an example of codominance. (The roan coat contains both red and white fur because neither allele is dominant over the other). If a homozygous polled, white male is bred to a horned, red female, what will be the appearance of the F1 generation? a. Possible genotypes for Polled condition: Horned: b. Possible genotypes for Red coat:White Coat: Roan Coat: c. Male genotype Male possible gametes: Female genotypeFemale possible gametes: e. f. Genotypic Ratio: g. Phenotypic Ratio:5A. In shorthorn cattle, the polled condition is dominant over horned. Also, the heterozygous condition (RW) of red coat (R) and white coat (W) is roan, an example of codominance. (The roan coat contains both red and white fur because neither allele is dominant over the other). If a homozygous polled, white male is bred to a horned, red female, what will be the appearance of the F1 generation? Horned: r: Roan Coat: a. Possible genotypes for Polled condition Coat:_ ossible geno c. Male genotype: d. Female genotype: Male possible gametes Female possible gametes e. f. Genotypic Ratio: g. Phenotypic Ratio 5B, Breed two of the F1 generation to determine the possibilities in the F2 generation. Horned: a. Possible genotypes for Polled condition b. Possible genotypes for Red coat: White Coat:_ Roan Coat: c. Male genotype: d. Female genotype Male possible gametes Female possible gametes: f. Genotypic Ratio: g. Phenotypic Ratio
- 2. Two unlinked loci effect mouse hair color. CC or Cc mice are agouti. Mice with genotype cc are albino because all pigment production and deposition of pigment in hair is blocked. At the second locus, the B allele (black agouti coat) is dominant to the b allele (brown agouti coat). A mouse with a black agouti coat is mated with an albino mouse of genotype bbcc. Half of the offspring are albino, one quarter are black agouti, and one quarter are brown agouti. What is the genotype of the black agouti parent?1. In dogs, brown or black coat color is determined by a single autosomal gene with brown (b) being recessive to black (B). A separate gene called extension with alleles e and E also influences color. ee is epistatic black and brown. Dogs that are homozygous for the extension (e) allele have yellow coat color regardless of other genes. The presence of a single E allele allows black or brown to be expressed. Trixie, dog with yellow coat color, is mated to Mansfield, a dog with black coat color, and the puppies are produced in the following ratios: ½ yellow 14 black 1/4 brown What were the genotypes of Trixie and Mansfeild?1. In Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) experiment, if we are going to cross male and female red-eyed fruit flies, we have the resulting offspring ratio of 50% red-eyed for female, 25 % for red-eyed male and 25% for white-eyed male. Females which are either homozygous or heterozygous for a trait still expressed eye redness whereas males can easily be affected. Why is this so? a. Females are the carriers of a gene for eye redness b. Y chromosome is responsible for red eyes in fruit flies, c. The gene for eye redness is an X-link dominant trait, d. Having a red-eyed trait is dominantly expressed by females
- 5 f There are two genes that determine the coat colour expression in dogs: eumelanin and merle. These genes are located on two separate chromosomes. For the eumelanin gene, black coat colour (E) is dominant over red coat colour (e). The merle gene controls the degree to which these coat colours are expressed through incomplete dominance. The following table describes the merle gene expression. Genotype MM Mm mm Phenotype White AAY Half colour (Grey or light red) Full colour (Black or Red) 1. If a dog breeder wants to determine the unknown genotype of a dog, what colour of dog must she use as a testcross? 2. A white dog was testcrossed, and all of the puppies had light red coats. What is the genotype of the white dog? Use a Punnett square to show your work. Hint - When a trait is controlled by two genes, an individual's genotype consists of 4 letters. = = = B I 123 ||| 14 E E I ос C GO * ●● ● ●0 00 00 00 ✓ C U up X₂ x²3. Short-tailed pup distribution. In mice, the dominant T allele results in a short tail. Homozygous T/T genotype is lethal, which means mouse embryos with this genotype die before they are born. Homozygous t/t is normal, with normal tail. A cross between two short-tailed mice produces a litter of 5 pups. a). What are the genotype(s) of the two short-tailed mice used in the cross? b). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the 5 pups? What are their perspective ratio?12. In Drosophila, gray body color is dominant over ebony body color, while long wings are dominant over vestigial wings. Work the following crosses through the F2 generation, and determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for each generation. Assume that the P1 individuals are homozygous. a. Gray, long x ebony, vestigial b. Gray, long x gray, vestigial
- 3. In mice, black fur (B) is dominant to white (b). At a different locus, a dominant allele (A) produces a band of yellow just below the tip of each hair in mice with black fur. This gives a frosted appearance known as agouti. Expression of the recessive allele (a) results in a solid coat color. If mice that are heterozygous at both loci are crossed what is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring?0. In Drosophila, the gene for cinnabar eye color is onchromosome 2, and the gene for scarlet eye color is onchromosome 3. A fly homozygous for both recessivecinnabar and scarlet alleles (cn/cn; st/st) is white-eyed.a. If male flies (containing chromosomes with thenormal gene order) heterozygous for cn and st allelesare crossed to white-eyed females homozygous forthe cn and st alleles, what are the expected phenotypes and their frequencies in the progeny?b. One unusual male heterozygous for cn and st alleles,when crossed to a white-eyed female, produced onlywild-type and white-eyed progeny. Explain the likelychromosomal constitution of this male.c. When the wild-type F1 females from the cross withthe unusual male were backcrossed to normal cn/cn;st/st males, the following results were obtained:wild type 45%cinnabar 5%scarlet 5%white 45%Diagram a genetic event at metaphase I that couldproduce the rare cinnabar or scarlet flies among theprogeny of the wild-type F1 females.17. In rats, the following genotypes of two independently assorting autosomal genes determine coat color.A_B_ (gray)A_bb (yellow)aaB_ (black)aabb (cream)A third gene pair on a separate autosome determines whether or not any color will be produced.The CC and Cc genotypes allow color according to the expression of the A and B alleles.However, the cc genotype results in albino rats regardless of the A and B alleles present. Given the inheritance pattern of coat color in rats described in Problem 17, predict the genotype and phenotype of the parents who produced the following offspring: (c) 27/64 gray: 16/64 albino: 9/64 yellow: 9/64 black: 3/64 cream