A patient of 48 years old complains of irritability, fatigue, weight loss with increased appetite, sweating, sleep disturbance. At inspection: body temperature - 37,6 C, the skin is wet and hot to the touch. There is a tremor of the fingers. The border of the heart is widened to the left, the pulse is 130 beats per minute, arterial pressure is 150/70 mm Hg. Thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged, soft and elastic, with palpation. Exophthalmos is noted. Pathological immunoglobulins (LATS - factors) were found in the patient's blood. Questions: 6. Describe the mechanism of exophthalmos development in the patient. 7. Name the most dangerous complication of the patient's disease.
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- TASK N 2 A 45-year-old patient suffers from arterial hypertension. There are complaints about progressive obesity, weakness, fatigue, headaches. On examination: height - 170 cm, body weight - 96 kg. There are dyspnea at rest, edema of feet and calves. Arterial blood pressure is 190/95 mm Hg. A blood test for iodine-containing thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids is normal. General blood and urine tests are normal. Questions: 1. What types of typical pathological processes should the patient have? 2. List the patient's heart failure symptoms. 3. Describe heart failure by its origin, the mechanism of development, mainly affected part of the heart, the severity of the clinical course. 4. Explain the pathogenesis of edema in this patient. 5. Indicate the most likely morphological changes in the myocardium and coronary vessels of the patient. 6. Why hypertension is a risk factor for heart failure? 7. Why is obesity a risk factor for heart failure?TASK No 4 A patient of 48 years old complains of irritability, fatigue, weight loss with increased appetite, sweating, sleep disturbance. At inspection: body temperature - 37,6 C, the skin is wet and hot to the touch. There is a tremor of the fingers. The border of the heart is widened to the left, the pulse is 130 beats per minute, arterial pressure is 150/70 mm Hg. Thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged, soft and elastic, with palpation. Exophthalmos is noted. Pathological immunoglobulins (LATS - factors) were found in the patient's blood. Questions: 1. What is a thyroid disease in the patient? 2. Describe the mechanism of its development. 3. How is changed the level of thyroid hormones and thyroid- stimulating hormone in the patient's blood? 4. How must be changed the metabolism of lipids, proteins and fats change in this pathology? 5. Describe the mechanism of development of arterial hypertension in the patient. 6. Describe the mechanism of exophthalmos development in the patient. 7.…TASK No 4 A patient 65 years old after a subtotal resection of the thyroid gland complained of weight gain, muscle weakness, fatigue, memory impairment, swelling of the face and extremities. At inspection: the face is pale and edematic, the skin is dry. Patient's speech is indistinct. Body temperature - 35.4° C, the pulse is very slow, arterial pressure is 95/60 mm Hg. Questions: 4. What are the other possible causes that lead to this form of pathology? 5. How must be changed the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the patient's blood? 6. Descrive typical changes of lipid, protein and carbohydrates metabolism with this endocrine pathology? 7. Explain the mechanism of the onset of edema in the patient.
- TASK No 4 A patient 65 years old after a subtotal resection of the thyroid gland complained of weight gain, muscle weakness, fatigue, memory impairment, swelling of the face and extremities. At inspection: the face is pale and edematic, the skin is dry. Patient's speech is indistinct. Body temperature - 35.4° C, the pulse is very slow, arterial pressure is 95/60 mm Hg. Questions: 1. List the hormones that are synthesized in the thyroid gland. 2. What endocrine pathology does the patient have? 3. What is the cause of this endocrine pathology? 4. What are the other possible causes that lead to this form of pathology? 5. How must be changed the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the patient's blood? 6. Descrive typical changes of lipid, protein and carbohydrates metabolism with this endocrine pathology? 7. Explain the mechanism of the onset of edema in the patient.TASK No 4 A 56-year-old patient complains of irritability, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. He regularly drinks alcohol, the euphoric effect is achieved due to the progressive amount of consumed alcohol (right now something about 0.7 - 1.01/ day). In the mornings ther patient experiences headache, nausea and dizziness, which is eliminated with a small portion of alcohol. He does not always remember his own behaviour during intoxication. On examination: the heart rate - 97 beats / min, the blood pressure - 130/70 mm Hg, on the ECG there are rare ventricular extrasystoles. There is hand tremor. The edge of the liver during palpation is dense, painless; it protrudes from under the costal arch; spleen is not enlarged. The patient denies the pathological craving for alcohol. Questions: 5. What functional and structural changes in the nervous system are characteristic for this stage? 6. Describe the sequence of morphological tissue changes in alcoholism. 7. The gradual development of what…TASK N 1 A patient, 15 years old, after the epidemic parotitis transferred to the doctor with complaints of weakness, fatigue, constant thirst, an increase in appetite. On examination: the skin is dry, height - 165 cm, body weight - 48 kg. The arterial pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, the heart rate is 80 beats / min. The level of glucose in the blood is 9 mmol /1, ketone bodies are found in urine. Questions: 1. What disease does the patient suffer? 2. What was the immediate cause of this disease? 3. What other reasons can lead to the development of this disease? 4. Describe the mechanism of development of this disease. 5. What does the occurrence in the urine of ketone bodies evoke? 6. What changes in the water balance are characteristic for this disease? 7. List the late complications of this disease.
- TASK No 2 A 44-year-old patient, suffering from varicose veins for a long time, complains of calf muscle cramps and leg swelling, which increase with physical activity. On examination: skin is thin, cyanotic, edematous, cold to the touch. In the area of the inner ankle of the right leg, a painless ulcer is found. Questions 5. Describe the osmotic factor of edema development. 6. Is it possible to its inclusion in this case? Justify your answer. 7. Describe the mechanism of cyanosis development in the patient?TASK No 4 A 56-year-old patient complains of irritability, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. He regularly drinks alcohol, the euphoric effect is achieved due to the progressive amount of consumed alcohol (right now something about 0.7 - 1.01/ day). In the mornings ther patient experiences headache, nausea and dizziness, which is eliminated with a small portion of alcohol. He does not always remember his own behaviour during intoxication. On examination: the heart rate - 97 beats / min, the blood pressure - 130/70 mm Hg, on the ECG there are rare ventricular extrasystoles. There is hand tremor. The edge of the liver during palpation is dense, painless; it protrudes from under the costal arch; spleen is not enlarged. The patient denies the pathological craving for alcohol. Questions: 1. Give the definition of "alcoholism" 2. What are the main stages of alcoholism. Briefly describe them. 3. Specify the stage of the disease in the patient. 4. Explain the mechanism of gradual increase of…TASK №o 1 A patient of 19 years old felt weak, dizzy, pain in the neck, nausea after four hours spending in a hot bath. On examination: the skin is moist, strongly hyperemic. Body temperature is 39° C. Questions: 1. What pathological process has been developing in the patient? Give its definition. 2. Indicate the cause of this pathological process. 3. List the stages of development of this pathological condition. 4. Indicate its possible complications 5. Indicate changes in metabolism, typical for the pathological condition that has developed in the patient. 6. What type of typical pathological process (TPP) is needed to be differentiated in the patient? Give its definition. 7. Conduct a comparative analysis of this TPP and pathological process in the patient.
- Pressure Injuries Mr.Jones an 84 yr.old man, was admitted to the nursing homework you work as a PT Aide He has the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and suffers from diabetes. Mr.Jones wears protective briefs at night, but not during the day. He has occasional bowel and bladder accidents. He recently started falling when he walks and has started physical therapy treatment. The PT supervisor ask you to transport Mr.Jones back and forth to therapy. The facility's rules require him to ride in a wheelchair. A nurse aide will help you transfer him between the wheelchair and bed. Questions 1. What risk factors does Mr.Jones have for developing Pressure injuries (name at least four)? 2.What situations should you immediately report to the nursing staff on your PT supervisor ( name at least three)?TASK N 1 A patient, 50 years old, complains of sharp pains in the region of the heart and legs during a quick waking. He works as the director of a large plant, the work is associated with a constant psychoemotional overstrain. The patient smokes a lot. On examination: height - 180 cm, weight - 110 kg. The arterial pressure is 180/100 mm Hg, the heart rate is 130 beats / min. Skin of feet cold, pale. Angiography of the vessels of the heart and legs detected a narrowing of the lumen of the arterial vessels and ulceration of their walls as well. Questions: 1. What violation of regional blood circulation in the heart and lower limbs is present in the patient? 2. What disease was the cause of this violation of regional blood circulation? 3. Give the definition of this disease. 4. Indicate the factors of this disease, available to the patient.MANAGING NEEDS ♫ A client is being digitalized for HF. The primary health care provider assessing the client orders an analysis of serum electrolytes. Which of the following electrolyte changes indicates digoxin toxicity and needs to be reported? Select all that apply. 1. Hyponatremia 2. Hypokalemia 3. Hypomagnesemia 4. Hypocalcemia 5. Hypophosphatemia