(6)(a)Identify the revenue and cost related motives for direct foreign investment. (b)Suppose a U.S. based MNC plans to invest in a new plant either in the U.S or in Zambia. The MNC intends to invest 30% of its investment spending in this new plant while the remainder is devoted to the firm's existing structure in the U.S. The characteristics of the proposed new project are given below: If located in U.S If located in Zambia Mean expected annual returns on investment 25% 25% Standard deviation of expected annual returns on investment 0.09 0.11 Correlation of expected annual returns on investment with returns on prevailing U.S business 0.80 -0.05 Determine, with robust quantitative explanation, which location will best provide the firm with a more stable flow of revenue.
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- A U.S. company is considering a high-technology project in a foreign country. The estimated economic results for the project (after taxes), in the foreign currency (T-marks), is shown in the following table for the seven-year analysis period being used. The company requires an 18% rate of return in U.S. dollars (after taxes) on any investments in this foreign country. a. Should the project be approved, based on a PW analysis in U.S. dollars, if the devaluation of the T-mark, relative to the U.S. dollar, is estimated to average 12% per year and the present exchange rate is 20 T-marks per dollar? b. What is the IRR of the project in T-marks? c. Based on your answer to (b), what is the IRR in U.S. dollars?Suppose that Kittle Co. is a U.S. based MNC that is considering setting up a subsidiary in Singapore. Kittle would like this subsidiary to produce and sell guitars locally in Singapore, and needs assistance with capital budgeting. The duration of this project is four years, with a salvage value of $12,000,000. This salvage value would be paid by the government in Singapore to Kittle in exchange for ownership of the subsidiary. The expected exchange rate of the Singapore dollar of $0.50 over the life of the project. Kittle managers are worried about the uncertainty of the value of the Singapore dollar. While they expect that the exchange rate will be $0.50, they recognize that this value may fluctuate. Thus, they decide to S$3,000,000 in cash flows per year, while any additional cash flows beyond this threshold would not be hedged. The forward rate that Kittle will use to hedge the S$3,000,000 is $0.48. The following table shows a key subsection of Kittle's capital budgeting analysis…Consider the following international investment opportunity. It involves a gold mine that can be opened at a cost, then produces a positive cash flow, but then requires environmental clean-up. Year 0: -64,000 Euros Year 1: 160,000 Euros Year 2: -100,000 Euros The current exchange rate is $1.60 = 1 Euro. The inflation rate in the U.S. is 6 percent and in the euro zone 2 percent. The appropriate cost of capital to a U.S. -based firm for a domestic project of this risk is 8 percent. Find the dollar cash flows to compute the dollar - denominated NPV of this project. And also find the euro - zone cost of capital.
- Suppose that Kittle Co. is a U.S. based MNC that is considering setting up a subsidiary in Singapore. Kittle would like this subsidiary to produce and sell guitars locally in Singapore, and needs assistance with capital budgeting. The duration of this project is four years, with a salvage value of $12,000,000. This salvage value would be paid by the government in Singapore to Kittle in exchange for ownership of the subsidiary. The expected exchange rate of the Singapore dollar of $0.50 over the life of the project. Kittle managers are worried about the uncertainty of the value of the Singapore dollar. While they expect that the exchange rate will be $0.50, they recognize that this value may fluctuate. Thus, they decide to S$3,000,000 in cash flows per year, while any additional cash flows beyond this threshold would not be hedged. The forward rate that Kittle will use to hedge the S$3,000,000 is $0.48. The following table shows a key subsection of Kittle's capital budgeting analysis…Suppose that Kittle Co. is a U.S. based MNC that is considering setting up a subsidiary in Singapore. Kittle would like this subsidiary to produce and sell guitars locally in Singapore, and needs assistance with capital budgeting. The duration of this project is four years, with an initial investment of S$20,000,000 (Singapore dollars). Kittle managers have conducted a capital budgeting analysis with the assumption that the exchange rate will be $0.50 over the life of the project. However, Kittle management acknowledges the possibility that the value of the Singapore dollar will fluctuate over time. To that end, Kittle is considering two alternative scenarios: one in which the Singapore dollar is strong relative to the U.S. dollar and one in which the Singapore dollar is weak against the U.S. dollar. The following table shows one section of Kittle's capital budgeting analysis, under the scenario where the Singapore dollar is strong relative to the U.S. dollar. Complete row 22 of the…Suppose that Kittle Co. is a U.S. based MNC that is considering setting up a subsidiary in Singapore. Kittle would like this subsidiary to produce and sell guitars locally in Singapore, and needs assistance with capital budgeting. The duration of this project is four years, with an initial investment of S$20,000,000 (Singapore dollars). Kittle managers have conducted a capital budgeting analysis with the assumption that the exchange rate will be $0.50 over the life of the project. However, Kittle management acknowledges the possibility that the value of the Singapore dollar will fluctuate over time. To that end, Kittle is considering two alternative scenarios: one in which the Singapore dollar is strong relative to the U.S. dollar and one in which the Singapore dollar is weak against the U.S. dollar. The following table shows one section of Kittle's capital budgeting analysis, under the scenario where the Singapore dollar is strong relative to the U.S. dollar. Complete row 22 of the…
- Which of the following is matter if a U.S. parent firm plans to completely finance the establishment of its British subsidiary with existing funds from retained earnings. The discount rate of the NPV from the project would be affected by ______. A. the parent's cost of capital B. the sales volume of the subsidiary C. the economic conditions D. the cost of borrowingYou are International Business Manager at a UK based company. Your company has identified USA and Europe as potential markets and wish to expand asap and plans a full-scale expansion. You are requested to analyse both projects and advise. In considering such large project, you must work out the risk of each project, cost of capital (Hint: you can use prevailing interest rates and inflation in each region to base your calculation) and calculate NPV. Allocate discount rate for each project according to current international business climate and justify why you allocated the discount rate for each region. Discuss how you aim to manage international risks. Projected cash flows in respective currencies: Year Net Cash Flow - USA USD Net Cash Flow - Europe EUR 0 - 20 million -20 million 1 2 million 2 million 2 4 million 3 million 3 5 million 4 million 46 million 8 million 58 million 8 million Task: a. Briefly discuss viability of both projects in today's global business context. Based on your…Determine the key reasons why a multinational corporation might decide to borrow in a country such as Brazil, where interest rates are high, rather than in a country like Switzerland, where interest rates are low. Provide support for your rationale. What impact does foreign investment have on the weighted average cost of capital calculations?
- You are the manager of a U.S. company situated in Los Angeles and manages the import/export division of the company. The company distributes (resells) a variety of consumer products imported to the U.S.A from Europe and also exports goods manufactured in the U.S.A. to Canada. Therefore, your company is very much dependent an the impact of current and future exchange rates on the performance of the company. Scenario 1: You have to estimate the expected exchange rates between your home currency and the other currencies of the major other countries that you deal with in terms of bath imports and exparts. The reason is that increases in the values of other currencies compared to the U.S. Dollar may impact your imports negatively, whilst it may on the other hand, be good for exports. To do this estimate, you obtain the following spot exchange rate information: €/S CADS/S 0.87616 1.30779 You also obtain the following annual risk free rates applying in the countries: U.S.A. 2.660% France…One of the important components of multinational capital budgeting is to analyze the cash flows generated from subsidiary companies. Consider this case: Jing Associates Inc. is a U.S. firm evaluating a project in Australia. You have the following information about the project: • The project requires an investment of AU$800,000 today and is expected to generate cash flows of AU$900,000 at the end of each of the next two years. • The current exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Australian dollar is $0.7877 per Australian dollar (AU$). • The one-year forward exchange rate is $0.8109 / AU$, and the two-year forward exchange rate is $0.8455 / AU$. • The firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 8.5%, and the project is of average risk. What is the dollar-denominated net present value (NPV) of this project? O $792,199 $861,086 $688,869 O $826,643 There are three major types of international credit markets. Read the following statement and then indicate which type of…One of the important components of multinational capital budgeting is to analyze the cash flows generated from subsidiary companies. Consider this case: Sacramone Products Co. is a U.S. firm evaluating a project in Australia. You have the following information about the project: • The project requires an investment of AU$1,230,000 today and is expected to generate cash flows of AU$1,200,000 at the end of each of the next two years. • The current exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Australian dollar is $0.7877 per Australian dollar (AU$). • The one-year forward exchange rate is $0.8109 / AU$, and the two-year forward exchange rate is $0.8455 / AU$. • The firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 9%, and the project is of average risk. What is the dollar-denominated net present value (NPV) of this project? $933,397 $777,831 $738,939 $855,614