7. 1 Required Study the two diagrams below. Diagram A 1 2 Diagram B 2 Based on the sequence of steps (1, 2, 3), which of the diagrams shows what would happen to proteins made at the ribosomes and transported to the outside of the cell? Diagram A Diagram B Both Diagram A and Diagram B Neither Diagram A nor Diagram B

7. 1 Required Study the two diagrams below. Diagram A 1 2 Diagram B 2 Based on the sequence of steps (1, 2, 3), which of the diagrams shows what would happen to proteins made at the ribosomes and transported to the outside of the cell? Diagram A Diagram B Both Diagram A and Diagram B Neither Diagram A nor Diagram B

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RE

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. In the early days of ribosome research, before the exact role of ribo- somes was clear, a researcher made the following observation. She could find, in sedimentation experiments on bacterial lysates, not only 30S, 50S, and 70S particles but also some particles that sedi- mented at about 100S and 130S. When she treated such a mixture with EDTA, everything dissociated to 30S and 50S particles. Upon adding divalent ions, she could regain 70S particles, but never 100S or 130S particles. (a) Suggest what the 100S and 130S particles might represent, in light of current knowledge of protein synthesis. What important dis- covery did the researcher miss? (b) Why do you think reassociation to 100S and 130S particles did not work?
Polypeptides which are normally synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum are about20 amino acids longer when they are synthesized by ribosomes not attached to the endoplasmicreticulum, What is the significance of this increase in length?
1. The amino acid sequence for the protein lysozyme is given below. Estimate the isoelectric point for lysozyme protein. The pK, values are provided in Table 3.1. KVFGRCELAAAMKRHGLDNYRGYSLGNWVCAAKFESNFNTQATNRNT DGSTDYGILQINSRWWCNDGRTPGSRNLCNIPCSALLSSDITASVNCAKK IVSDGNGMNAWVAWRNRCKGTDVQAWIRGCRL Here's the sequence in this form: LYS VAL PHE GLY ARG CYS GLU LEU ALA ALA ALA MET LYS ARG HIS GLY Table 3.1 Typical pk, values of ionizable groups in proteins Group Acid Typical pK, Base Terminal a-carboxyl 3.1 group Aspartic acid Glutamic acid 4.1 N. Histidine 6.0 -N + H Terminal a-amino group 8.0 Cysteine 8.3 Тутosine 10.9 + H Lysine 10.8 H H. + N-H Arginine 12.5 N-H N-H Note: Values of pk, depend on temperature, ionic strength, and the microenvironment of the ionizable group. in
Explain why the structure of the ER, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus assist their respective functions.
Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization: oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency. multipotency, pleuripotency, oligopotency, unipotency pleuripotency, oligopotency, multipotency, unipotency oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency
Match the following structures with their definitions: (1) Golgi apparatus (2) mitochondria (3) peroxisomes (4) cilia (5) endoplasmic reticulum (6) cytoskeleton (7) vesicles (8) ribosomes A. sacs that contain enzymes thatcatalyze a variety of specific biochemical reactionsB. structures on which protein synthesis occursC. structures that house the reactions that release energy from nutrientsD. a network of microfilaments and microtubules that supports and shapes a cellE. a structure that adds sugars to certain proteins and processes them for secretionF. membrane-bounded sacsG. a network of membranous channels and sacs where lipids and proteinsare synthesizedH. hairlike structures that extend from certain cell surfaces and wave about.
In the early days of ribosome research, before the exact role of ribosomes was clear, a researcher made the following observation. She could find, in sedimentation experiments on bacterial lysates, not only 3OS, 50S, and 70S particles, but also some particles that sedimented at about 100S and 130S. When she treated such a mixture with EDTA, everything dissociated to 30S and 50S particles. Upon adding divalent ions, she could regain 70S particles, but never 100S or 130S particles. (a) Suggest what the 10oS and 130S particles might represent, in light of cur- rent knowledge of protein synthesis. What important discovery did the researcher miss? (b) Why do you think reassociation to 100S and 130S particles did not work?
Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Like the lumen of the ER, the interior of the nucleusis topologically equivalent to the outside of the cell.2 ER-bound and free ribosomes, which are structur-ally and functionally identical, differ only in the proteinsthey happen to be making at a particular time.3 To avoid the inevitable collisions that would occurif two-way traffic through a single pore were allowed,nuclear pore complexes are specialized so that somemediate import while others mediate export.4 Peroxisomes are found in only a few specializedtypes of eukaryotic cell.
25. Your friend works in a cell biology research lab. She is working she calls p125, because its molecular mass is 125 kiloDaltons. She knows that p125 is a transmembrane protein with three membrane-spanning domains. It has been previously reported that p125 interacts with three other proteins called p175, p80, and p50 (again, polyacrylamide gel). These four proteins in the cell. To determine how these proteins interact with the membrane, you perform a set of experiments in which you first lyse the cells and save some of your lysate, which you run in the input lane (labeled "I" in Figure Q25 below). The lysate is then subjected to a low-speed centrifugation so that you separate out the membrane fraction (which ends up in the pellet, "P") from the cytoplasm (which is in the supernatant, "S"). You then wash the pellet from the first extraction with a high-salt wash that does not disrupt the lipid bilayer, and save a little bit to run on the gel. After the high-salt wash, you centrifuge…
Answer whether the following statement is True or False: Diameter of nascent polypeptide exit tunnel in ribosome avoids formation of secondary structures wider than a-helix. Thus, no ß-strands or tertiary structure occurs in ribosome exit tunnel). O True False
The cell membrane is both fluid and asymmetrical. Discuss asymmetry of the plasma membrane, as well as the enzyme involved. Explain properties that contribute to the fluidity of the cell membrane?
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm (cytosol) capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme (in this case a protease) to the lysosome. a) Describe what happens from the time the enzyme (protease) begins to form in the cytoplasm until it end up in the lysosome and explain how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome, Explain in terms of the clathrin and thethering proteins