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- A mercury-in-glass thermometer at 40C(OD=1cm) is inserted through a duct wall into a 3 m/s airstream at 66C. This can be modelled as a cylinder in cross-flow, as shown in the figure. Estimate the heat transfer coefficient between the air and the thermometer.1. A composite furnace wall is made up of a 12-in. lining of magnesite refractory brick, a 5-in.thickness of 85% magnesia, and a steel casing 0.10-in. thick. Flue gas temperature is 2200 F andthe boiler room is at 80 F. Gas side film coefficient is 15 Btu/hr-sq.ft-F and air side is 4.0.Determine:a. The thermal current Q/Ab. Interface temperaturesc. Effect on thermal current and inside refractory wall temperature if the magnesia insulation weredoubled.6. Air flows at 120 o C in a thin-walled tube (k = 18 W/m o C) with h = 65 w/m 2 - o C. The inside diameter of the tube is 2.5 cm tand the thickness is 0.4 mm. The tube is exposed to an environment with h = 6.5 W/m 2 - o C and temperature of 15 o C. Calculate the the heat loss for 1 m length. What thickness of insulation having k = 40 W/m- 0 C should be added to reduce heat loss by 90 %.
- In the final stages of production, a pharmaceuticalis sterilized by heating it from 30°C to 75°C as it moves at0.2 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steeltube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrappedaround the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluidenters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is thesurface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as ? = 1000 kg/m3, cp =4000 J/kg K, ? = 2 x 10-3 kg/s m, k = 0.8 W/m K, and Pr = 10.c) A steel pipe of 100 mm bore, and 10 mm bore thickness, carrying dry saturated steam at 28 bars, is insulated with a 40 mm layer of moulded insulation. This insulation in turn is insulated with a 60 mm layer of felt. The atmospheric temperature is 15 °C. Calculate: (i) the rate of heat loss by the steam per metre pipe length. (ii) the temperature of the outside Dimensions in mm surface.zzzzzzz h₂-15 W/m²K Steel k₁=50 W/mK AVALEHT Ø100 1₂ " Steam 28 bar h-550 W/m²K, Inner heat transfer coefficient = 550 W/m² K Outer heat transfer coefficient = 15 W/m² K Thermal conductivity of steel = 50 W/m K Thermal conductivity of felt = 0.07 W/m K Moulded insulation Felt Moulded insulation K₂=0.09 W/mK Thermal conductivity of moulded insulation = 0.09 W/m 40 10. A 60 15°C Felt K₁=0.07 W/mK zzzzzzzzAn overhead 65-m-long, uninsulated industrial steam pipe of 80 mm diameter is routed through a building whose walls and air are at 30 °C. Pressurized steam maintains a pipe surface temperature of 200 "C, and the coefficient associated with natural convection is h = 15 W/m'K. The surface emissivity is e= steam line? 0.6. What is the rate of heat loss from the
- Determine the optimum thickness from an economic point of view, of insulation for a steam pipe 100 mm dia. at 465°C. The insulation conductivity is 1.55 x 10 kW/mK, the natural convection coefficient -4 on the insulation outer surface is 0.0112 kW/m2K, the insulation cost is £70/m³ plus a fixed charge of 160p. per metre run of pipe and the cost is to be spread over 5 veres. The oil fuel, of density 900 kg/m³, costs 1.lp. per litre and is used to raise steam in a boiler of 90% efficiency. The fuel calorific value is 41,000 kJ/Kg and the air temperature surrounding the insulation is 27°c.2. Calculate the free convection heat transfer coefficient for a plate 6 ft high and 8 ft wide at 120 °F that is exposed to nitrogen at 60 °F. (see attached) 3. Constant Flux Application. Air at 1 atm and 300 °C is cooled as it flows at a velocity of 5.0 m/s through a tube with a diameter of 2.54 cm. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient if a constant heat flux condition is maintained at the wall and the wall temperature is 20 °C above the temperature along the entire length of the tube. (See attached)The fan circulates the warm air on the inside of the windshield to stop condensation of water vapor and allow for maximum visibility during wintertime (see images). You have been provided with some info. and are asked to pick from the bottom table, the right model number(s) that will satisfy the requirement.Your car is equipped with a fan blower setting that allow you to choose between speeds 0, 1, 2 and 3. Variation of the convection heat transfer coefficient is dependent upon multiple factors, including the size and theblower configuration.following image shows the parameters
- (a) Compare flat plate, parabolic collectors to be used for a solar thermal plant with respect to (i) temperature, (ii) concentration ratio, (iii) suitability, and (iv) absorber type. (b) A tidal power plant of single basin type, has a basin area of 25 x 10 to power 6 m2. The tide has a range of 10m. The turbine however, stops operating when the head on it falls below 2 m. Calculate the energy generated in one filling process, in KWh if the turbine generator efficiency is 75%. (Density of sea water = 1025 kg/m2)An insulated steam pipe is used to transport high-temperature steam from one building to another. The pipe has a diameter of 500 mm, a surface temperature of 164 °C and is exposed to ambient air at -10 °C. The pipe is subjected to an extermal forced convection as the air moves in a cross-flow over the pipe at a speed of 5 m/s (see figure below). a. What are the main assumptions? b. What is the heat loss per unit length of pipe without insulation? c. What is the heat loss per unit length of pipe if the insulation thickness is 10 mm? V = 5 m/s Too= -10 °C Air Tsi = 150 °C Insulation k, = 0.026 W/m-K D = 500 mm Ts.o Os8s 50 mm Steam Thermophysical Properties of Air at Atmospheric Pressure' k 10 4.107 (N-s/m) v• 10 (m/s) a 10 (m/s) T (K) (kg/m') (kJ/kg - K) (W/m K) Pr 100 3.5562 1.032 71.1 2.00 9.34 2.54 0.786 150 2.3364 1.012 103.4 4.426 13.8 5.84 0.758 200 1.7458 1.007 132.5 7.590 18.1 10.3 0.737 250 1.3947 1.006 159.6 11.44 22.3 15.9 0.720 300 1.1614 1.007 184.6 15.89 26.3 22.5 0.707…Calculate the natural convection heat transfer coefficient for a vertical stainless pipe, 100 mm outside diameter, 0.75 m long. The pipe surface temperature is 125 ° C, and the air temperature is 30 ° C. Convection coefficient = Answer W / m² ° C.