A competitive industry consists of identical 100 producers, all of whom operate with the identical short-run total cost curve TC(Q) = 60 + 5Q², where Q is the annual output of a firm. The market demand curve is Qº = 600 – 50P, where P is the market price. 1. What is the each firm's short-run supply curve? 2. What is the short-run industry supply curve? 3. Determine the short-run equilibrium price and quantity in this industry.
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- 3. Technology for producing q gives rise to the cost function c(q) = aq+ bq². The market demand for q is p = a - Bq. (a) If a > 0, if b 0 and b 0 and b >0, what is the long run equilibrium market price and number of firms? Explain.4.5 Show that the long-run equilibrium number of firms is indeterminate when all firms in the industryshare the same constant returns-to-scale technology and face the same factor prices.4.7 Technology for producing q gives rise to the cost function c(q) = aq + bg. The market demand forqisp =a - Bq.(a) If a>0, if b < 0, and if there are J firms in the industry, what is the short-run equilibriummarket price and the output of a representative firm?b) Ifa> 0 and b <0, what is the long-run equilibrium market price and number of firms? Explain.() Ifa>0and b > 0, what is the long-un equilibrium market price and number of firms? Explain.Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consiber the competitive market for rhodium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the induatry, every firm is identical and faces the same marpinal cost (MC), averapt total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC ) curves plotted in the following praph. The following graph plots the market demand curve for thodium. If there were 10 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of rhodium would be per pound. At that price, firms in this industry would. Therefore, in the long run, firms would the rhodium market. Because you know that competitive firms earn economic profit in the long run, you know the long-run equilibrium price must be per pound. From the graph, you can see that this means there will be firms operating in the rhodium industry in long-run equilibrium. True or False: Assuming implicit costs are positive, each of the firms operating in this industry in the long run earns positive accounting profit. True False
- 1. A competitive industry is composed of 24 identical firms. Each firm has the following marginal cost of production in the short-run: MC = 58 +8Q. Each firm has the following Total Cost of production in the short-run: TC = 2 + 58Q +4Q². Demand for the product is given by the following demand curve: Qd = 1,211 - 2P. a. Explain why each firm will produce where market equilibrium price (Pe) equals the firm's marginal cost of production (MC). b. Derive an equation for the industry supply curve (i.e., Q₁ = .....). c. Find the market equilibrium price and quantity.. d. Are firms in this industry earning profit or losses in the short-run? (Hint: first compute how much output each firm produces). e. Compute the deadweight loss that would be produced if the government placed a $15 per unit tax on suppliers.. f. Who bore the greater burden of the tax, consumers or producers? Explain.Suppose a firm in a competitive industry has the following cost curves: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Price + 1 + + + 2 3 4 5 MC ATC AVC P1 P2 P3 P4 + 6 7 8 Quantity Refer to Figure 14-13. If the price is P1 in the short run, what will happen in the long run? Nothing. The price is consistent with zero economic profits, so there is no incentive for firms to enter or exit the industry. Individual firms will earn positive economic profits in the short run, which will entice other firms to enter the industry. Individual firms will earn negative economic profits in the short run, which will cause some firms to exit the industry. Because the price is below the firm's average variable costs, the firms will shut down.1. There is an industry consisting of 12 firms, each with total cost function given by TC(q) 3q² - 2q +867, where the fixed costs are non-sunk. The demand for the industry's product is given by Q¹ (p) = 448 - p per month. Firms are price takers. (a) Find the short-term equilibrium price, demand, the quantity produced by each firm, as well as firm's profit. What is the consumer surplus? What about the producer's surplus? (b) The government urgently needs to collect some extra tax revenues in the next four months to meet debt payments. This implies that it needs to collect the amount of T = 1000 per month from the industry. Calculate the tax level needed to raise this revenue depending on the type of tax. Which tax type is the better from a welfare perspective? i. An output tax of t per unit sold imposed on the firms. ii. 7-percent tax on firms' profits.
- A competitive industry consists of identical 100 producers, all of whom operate with the identical short-run total cost curve TC(Q) = 50+ 10Q², where Q is the annual output of a firm. The market demand curve is QD=500-5P, where P is the market price. 1. What is the each firm's short-run supply curve? 2. What is the short-run industry supply curve? 3. Determine the short-run equilibrium price and quantity in this industry.2. In the competitive mink oil industry, each fim has the same cost function: C = 10,000 100 + 0.01q. Demand for mink oil is as follows: Q = p2 What will be the long-run equilibrium price and quantity in the market? How many fims are in the industıy?Good Zis produced and sold in a competitive industry, and long-run industry supply is characterized by constant costs. The figure below shows a typical long-run average cost curve (LAC) for each of the firms producing good Z. LAC reaches its minimum unit cost of $12 and 1,000 units of output (point M. Suppose the demand for good Z is Qd 52,000 - 1,000P. LAC M. 12.00 1,000 Firm's output (q) In long-run competitive equilibrium, if demand for good Z decreases, then LMC rises, stays the same), and economic profit (falls, rises, stays the same). LAC (falls, (Talls, rises, stays the same). in iong-run compeuuve equibnum, it oemana tor good z oecreases, tnen LML rises, stays the same), and economic profit. (tais, rses, stays tne samej, LAL (rars (falls, rises, stays the same). Multiple Choice remains the same, remains the same, remains the same remains the same, falls, falls fals, fals, fals remains the same; fals remains the same falls, falls, remains the same. Price and cost (dollars)
- 1. Suppose a constant cost, perfectly competitive industry is composed of identical fims where the level of K that allows them the lowest possible AC generates the following cost function: SC(q) = 2q² + 6q + 18 where q is the firm's output and FC = 18. %3D a) What are the SAC, and SMC equations? b) Tum the SMC function into a firmshort-run supply equation c) Find the profit and the producer suplus. d) Let the market demand function to be QD = 660 – 20P, and how many firms do you expect to now see in the market in the long run?13. Suppose a representative firm in a perfectly competitive industry has the following totalcost of production in the short run: TC=Q^3-40Q^2+600Q.a. What will be the long run equilibrium quantity for the firm? What will be the longrun equilibrium price in this industry?b. Let the industry demand be given by QD=12400-4P. How many firms will be activein the long-run equilibrium?c. Suppose the firm faces a positive demand shock that increases the industry demandto QD=16000-4P. Describe how the industry would respond and calculate thechange in the number of firms.2. Consider a market with 90 firms, each firm has a short-run total cost function as follows: TC(q) = 5q2, and a marginal cost function: MC(q) = 10q. Market demand is given by equation Qd(p) = 200 - p. a. Solve for the short-run equilibrium outcome: P*, Q* and q*. b. What is one firm's economic profit in this market? c. Consider a different market structure, where there is only one firm, interpreted as a monopolist, and then critically discuss the impact on equilibrium price and quantity. Discuss total surplus for these two types of market structures.