A) Determine the freezing point of an aqueous solution created from 3.5 g of Na3PO4 added to 120.0 g of water. The molal freezing point depression constant of water is 1.86 °C/m. Report your answer to 2 significant figures in degrees celcius but do not type in the units. B) For the first order reaction 2X --> N + 3P, the half life is measured as 50 seconds. If the initial solution concentration is 3 M, how long must the reaction proceed to consume 30% of the original amount of X? Give your answer in seconds.

A) Determine the freezing point of an aqueous solution created from 3.5 g of Na3PO4 added to 120.0 g of water. The molal freezing point depression constant of water is 1.86 °C/m. Report your answer to 2 significant figures in degrees celcius but do not type in the units. B) For the first order reaction 2X --> N + 3P, the half life is measured as 50 seconds. If the initial solution concentration is 3 M, how long must the reaction proceed to consume 30% of the original amount of X? Give your answer in seconds.

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter11: Chemical Kinetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11.42PAE: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic packaged as a powder. When it is used to treat babies and small...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

The Arrhenius equation shows the relationship between the rate constant k and the temperature T in kelvins and is typically written as k = Ae-E/RT where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol K), A is a constant called the frequency factor, and Da is the activation energy for the reaction. However, a more practical form of this equation IS In = (1-12) Ea R which is mathmatically equivalent to In Ea F (1/2 R T₂ k2 T1 where ki and k2 are the rate constants for a single reaction at two different absolute temperatures (T₁ and T₂). ▼ Part A The activation energy of a certain reaction is 42.1 kJ/mol. At 20 °C, the rate constant is 0.0150s¹. At what temperature in degrees Celsius would this reaction go twice as fast? Express your answer with the appropriate units. T₂ = Submit Part B Value k₂ = Request Answer Submit Given that the initial rate constant is 0.0150s¹ at an initial temperature of 20 °C, what would the rate constant be at a temperature of 200. °C for the same reaction described in Part…
8 Reactions between certain organic (alkyl) halides and water produce alcohols. Consider the overall reaction for t-butyl bromide (2-bromo-2-methylpropane). (CH3)3CBr(aq) + H2O(1) →(CH3)3COH(aq) + H*(aq) + Br "(ag) k[(CH3)3CB1]. The accepted mechanism for the The experimental rate law is rate = %3D reaction is shown below. (1) (CH3)3C-Br(aq) →(CH3)3C*(aq) + Br "(aq) [slow] (2) (CH3)3C*(aq) + H2O(1) →(CH3)3C-OH2*(aq) [fast] (3) (CH3)3C-OH2*(aq) →H*(aq) + (CH3)3C-OH(aq) [fast] a) Why doesn't H2O appear in the rate law? b) Write rate laws for the elementary steps. c) What intermediates appear in the mechanism? d) Show that the mechanism is consistent with the experimental rate law. ed to the of consumption of N
1 Ten (10) ml aqueous solutions of drug A (10% w/v) and drug B (25% w/v) are stored in two identical test tubes under identical storage conditions at 37°C for 3 months. If both drugs degrade by first-order, which drug will retain the highest percentage of initial concentration? (a) Drug A (b) Drug B (c) They will be the same.
Determine the rate law and rate constant for the following reaction. Don't forget the units. Some of the numbers are blurry. (The concentrations for H* are x 10-5 and the rates are x 10-7 with the last value being x10-8) 10, (aq) + 81(aq) + 6 H(aq) → 31 (aq) + 2 H₂O(aq) Trial [103] Initial Rate (M/s) 1 0.0050 2.70 x 10 2 0.0100 5.40 x 10 3 0.0050 6.07 x 10 4 0.0050 6.75 x 10 [I]. 0.030 0.030 0.045 0.030 [H*]. 2.0 x 10 2.0 x 10 2.0 x 10 1.0 x 10
In a study of the gas phase decomposition of nitrosyl chloride at 400 K NOC(gNO(g) + ½ Cl2(g) the concentration of NOCI was followed as a function of time. It was found that a graph of 1/[NOCI] versus time in seconds gave a straight line with a slope of 7.97x10-4 M sl and a y-intercept of 38.0 M!. Based on this plot, the reaction is | order in NOCI and the rate constant for the reaction is
In any manufacturing process, reaction monitoring ensures that a chemical reaction proceeds as expected. Table 1 shows the monitoring data for the formation of chlorohexane, collected using a technique called gas chromatography. Note that the concentrations of the chlorohexane solutions are given in millimoles per litre (mmol l–1). The abbreviation mM (millimolar) is frequently used. Plot a graph of the data in Table 1. The graph should be drawn on graph paper or use fine grid if it’s drawn on Excel. Elapsed Time/Hours Concentration of Chlorohexane/mM 0 0 2 40 4 65 6 80 8 90 10 95 12 99
Nitric oxide reacts with hydrogen to release large amounts of chemiluminescence with the characteristics of the highly cytotoxic species. The following data were measured for the reaction of nitric oxide with hydrogen: Data number 1 2 3 2 NO(g) + 2 H₂(g) → N₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g) [NO] (M) 0.1 0.1 0.2 [H₂] (M) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Based on the data, (a) Determine the rate law for this reaction. (b) Calculate the rate constant. (c) Calculate the rate when [NO] = 0.050 M and [H₂] = 0.150 M Initial rate (M/S) 1.23 x 10-³ 2.46 x 10-³ 4.92 x 10-³
6. To observe the effect of temperature on reaction rate, the reaction between MnO, ag) and C204(ag) in acidic media is performed according to the given redox reaction: 2 MnO4 (aq) + 16 H*(aq) + 5 C204²(aq) → 10 CO2(g) + 2 Mn²"(aq) + 8 H2O(1) At various temperatures, the rate constants were determined experimentally as follows: k (M s') 5.03x105 T (°C) 20 35 3.68×104 60 6.71×103 90 0.119 (a) Determine Ea for this reaction by a graphical method (see the graph given below). (b) Determine E. using Arrhenius equation using tabulated data. (c) Calculate the value of the rate constant, k at 100°C. -2 -4 兰 -6 -8 -10 -12 0.0025 0.0027 0.0029 0.0031 0.0033 0,0035 1/T (K)
The plot below shows the concentration of reactant A during a chemical reaction (A (ag) + B(ag) C (aq) + D (aq)) as a function of time. This reaction is taking place at 310 K A and B are aqueous solutes Estimate the instantaneous rate at 80 seconds. Give your answer with units of M/s. 0.50 (A) (M) 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 005 0.00 0 20 Type your answer. 40 60 time (s) 80 100 120 140
Consider the reaction below and answer the question below the reaction. A student performed a synthesis of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (C) as shown in the reaction above. The student added 1.20 g of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 12.0 mL of ethanol together in the presence of sulfuric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for a period of 45 minutes. H₂N OH 4-aminobenzoic acid MM 137.14 g/m ol A + CH3CH₂OH ethanol MM 46.10 g/mol B ethyl 4-aminobenzoate ethanol H+ 4-aminobenzoic acid benzocaine none of the above H₂N OCH₂CH3 + H₂O Identify the limiting reagent of this reaction. Hint: the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL. ethyl 4-aminobenzoate MM 165.19 g/mol с
Consider the reaction below and answer the question below the reaction. A student performed a synthesis of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (C) as shown in the reaction above. The student added 1.20 g of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 12.0 mL of ethanol together in the presence of sulfuric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for a period of 45 minutes. H₂N OH 4-aminobenzoic acid MM 137.14 g/m ol A 77.7% 56.1 % 128 % 72.2 % + CH3CH₂OH ethanol MM 46.10 g/mol H+ H₂N OCH₂CH3 + H₂O ethyl 4-aminobenzoate MM 165.19 g/mol C B Let's assume the theoretical yield of the reaction is 7.22 g and the student produced 5.61 g of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate. What is the percent yield of the reaction?
Consider the reaction below and answer the question below the reaction. A student performed a synthesis of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (C) as shown in the reaction above. The student added 1.20 g of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 12.0 mL of ethanol together in the presence of sulfuric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for a period of 45 minutes. H₂N OH 4-aminobenzoic acid MM 137.14 g/m ol A + CH3CH₂OH ethanol MM 46.10 g/mol H+ C-H (aliphatic): 3100 cm¯ -1 N-H: 2500 cm¯1 or ethyl 4-aminobenzoate MM 165.19 g/mol с C-H (aromatic): 2650 cm-¹ C=O: 1730 cm-1 all of the above H₂N B Identify the peaks that you would expect to see in the IR spectrum for ethyl 4- aminobenzoate. Note that both the peak and the wavenumber must be correct. OCH₂CH3 + H₂O