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- 7.43 Liquid sodium is to be heated from 500 K to 600 K by passing it at a flow rate of 5.0 kg/s through a 5-cmID tube whose surface is maintained at 620 K. What length of tube is required?Determine the rate of heat transfer per meter length to a light oil flowing through a 2.5-cm-ID, 60-cm-long copper tube at a velocity of 0.03 m/s. The oil enters the tube at 16C, and the tube is heated by steam condensing on its outer surface at atmospheric pressure with a heat transfer coefficient of 11.3 kW/m K. The properties of the oil at various temperatures are listed in the following table: Temperature, T(C) 15 30 40 65 100 (kg/m3) 912 912 896 880 864 c(kJ/kgK) 1.80 1.84 1.925 2.0 2.135 k(W/mK) 0.133 0.133 0.131 0.129 0.128 (kg/ms) 0.089 0.0414 0.023 0.00786 0.0033 Pr 1204 573 338 122 553.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.
- Water at a temperature of 77C is to be evaporated slowly in a vessel. The water is in a low-pressure container surrounded by steam as shown in the sketch below. The steam is condensing at 107C. The overall heat transfer coefficient between the water and the steam is 1100W/m2K. Calculate the surface area of the container that is required to evaporate water at a rate of 0.01 kg/s. Problem 1.16A condenser consists of 5 pieces of 3 m long 1/4 in Sch 40 horizontal pipes lined up in 6 rows. It transfers cooling water with a heat transfer coefficient of 2000 W / m-K through the pipes. As the flow rate of the water is very high, the water temperature is constant at 35 degrees Celsius. Saturated heat vapor condenses at a pressure of 2 bars outside the pipes. Calculate the condenser capacity in kWA spherical shaped vessel of 1.4 m diameter is 90 mm thick. Find the rate of heat leakage, if the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces is 220oC. Thermal conductivity of the material of the sphere is 0.083 W/m-K.
- In the final stages of production, a pharmaceuticalis sterilized by heating it from 30°C to 75°C as it moves at0.2 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steeltube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrappedaround the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluidenters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is thesurface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as ? = 1000 kg/m3, cp =4000 J/kg K, ? = 2 x 10-3 kg/s m, k = 0.8 W/m K, and Pr = 10.A refrigerant 22 condenser has four water passes and a total of 60 copper tubes that are 14 mm ID and have 2 mm wall thickness. The conductivity of copper is 3 90 W/m • K. The outside of the tubes is finned so that the ratio of outside to inside area is 1.7. The cooling-water flow through the condenser tubes is 3.8 L/s (a) Calculate the water-side coefficient if the water is at an average temperature of 30°C, at which temperature k = 0.614 W/m • K, p = 996 kg/m3 , andµ= 0.000803 Pa• s (b) Using a mean condensing coefficient of 1420 W/m2 • K, calculate the overall heat-transfer coefficient based on the condensing area.443. Heat Loss from a Buried Pipe A water pipe whose wall temperature is 300 K has a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 10 m. It is buried horizontally in the ground at a depth of 0.40 m measured to the center line of the pipe. The ground surface temper- ature is 280 K and k = 0.85 W/m .K. Calculate the loss of heat from the pipe 13.y-3 Ans. q = 451.2 W
- It is proposed to cool oil in a counter-current, concentric tube heatexchanger composed of a thin-walled inner tube of 0.02 m diametercarrying oil and thin-walled, perfectly insulated outer tube of 0.05 mdiameter carrying water. The oil flow rate is 50.0 kg min-1 and it has to becooled from 90°C to 40°C using 60 kg min-1 water at 20°C. Calculate the heat load and the outlet water temperature.A Pressurized Water Reactor fuel rod is 12 ft long and 0.374 inches in diameter (outer) on a 0.496 inch square pitch. The fuel pellet diameter is 0.3225 inches. The fuel rod gap is constant with a width of 0.0065 inches. The system pressure is 2250 psia and can be assumed to be constant. The rod operates at linear heat rate of 12.1 kW/ft. At the elevation of interest, the coolant temperature is 575 °F with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 6200- For this elevation determine the temperature BTU hr ft²F margin to boiling according to Jens-Lottes. Also assume constant fluid properties given as: p=46.39 Ibm = ,c. 1.261- BTU Ibm-F BTU -,k=0.334- hr-ft-F Ibm ft-hr M=0.222- -, Tsat 652.7F =A fluid is flowing through two different tubes of same cross-section area. We are to compare the heat transfer rate in these two tubes over the same length. First tube is circular cross-section and the second one has a square cross-section. The flow is laminar and fully-developed in both cases. The tube surface can be approximated as isothermal in both cases. Also assume that the average temperature difference between the surface and the fluid is approximately the same in both cases. What is the ratio of the heat transfer rates (between the tube and the fluid) between the first and second tube? 1.04