A mixture of p-nitrophenol and o-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation. The o-nitrophenol is steam volatile, and the para isomer is not volatile. Explain. Base your answer on the ability of the isomers to form hydrogen bonds internally.
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A mixture of p-nitrophenol and o-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation. The o-nitrophenol is steam volatile, and the para isomer is not volatile. Explain. Base your answer on the ability of the isomers to form hydrogen bonds internally.
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- Propose a method to separate a mixture containing phenol, benzoic acid, naphthalene, and p-nitroaniline. Phenol is soluble in sodium hydroxide solution but insoluble in neutral water or sodium bicarbonate solution. Benzoic acid is soluble in either sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate solutions. Write out the structures of the molecules in your scheme.Describe the process (Step by Step) of the fractional distillation of 4-t-butylcyclohexanol and 4-t-butylcyclohexeneWhat is the difference in the solubility of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate in water and explain which of them will be more soluble in chloroform.
- Justify the solubility of the samples in the corresponding solvent based on their structure. Sample water 5% NaHCO3 5% HCl 5%NaOH Conc. H2SO4 ether Aniline n-butyl amine Acetic acid Phenol cyclohexanol 2-Propanol Benzoic acid bromobenzene Ethylene glycolThe boiling points for the compounds are 118 °C and 35 °C respectively. The solubility for both compounds is the same (8g/100g water). Explain this observation for (i) boiling point disparity; (ii) solubility similarity H-bonds form in diethyl ether; n-butyl alcohol forms H-bonds in water H-bonds form in n-butyl alcohol; diethyl ether forms H-bonds in water H-bonds in n-butyl alcohol; Both compounds form H-bonds in water O Both compounds form H-bonds; Both compounds form H-bonds in waterA mixture is made up of low molecular weight carboxylic acid, alcohol and ester. What one step procedure can you use to extract the ester component from the mixture? Describe the process briefly
- You are employed as a coop student at the Drug and Alcohol Testing Association of Canada (DATAC) developing analytical tests for sports doping agents. You are asked to prepare a procedure for the extraction of methylphenidate, the active compound in Ritalin, from urine samples (consider them as simple aqueous layers, you do not need to consider other components!). The goal of the procedure is to extract the methylphenidate into an organic layer which will then be evaporated, and the residue will be tested for the drug.Your colleague is helping you develop the urine test. They suggest that the urine should be adjusted to a pH above 7 before extracting with the organic solvent. Why is this necessary? Support your explanation with a full arrow-pushing mechanism for the reaction that would occur if the pH was below 7. Include all formal charges, intermediates (if applicable) and products.You are employed as a coop student at the Drug and Alcohol Testing Association of Canada (DATAC) developing analytical tests for sports doping agents. You are asked to prepare a procedure for the extraction of methylphenidate, the active compound in Ritalin, from urine samples (consider them as simple aqueous layers, you do not need to consider other components!). The goal of the procedure is to extract the methylphenidate into an organic layer which will then be evaporated, and the residue will be tested for the drug.You find that methylphenidate is highly soluble in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, a bio-renewable solvent. Draw the structure of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and give two reasons why it is a good solvent choice for liquid-liquid extraction.Some alcohols undergo rearrangement or other unwanted side reactions when they dehydrate in acid. Alcohols may be dehydrated under mildly basic conditions using phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) in pyridine. The alcohol reacts with phosphorus oxychloride much like it reacts with tosyl chloride, displacing a chloride ion from phosphorus to give an alkyl dichlorophosphate ester. The dichlorophosphate group is an outstanding leaving group. Pyridine reacts as a base with the dichlorophosphate ester to give an E2 elimination. Propose a mechanism for the dehydration of cyclohexanol by POCl3 in pyridine.
- 4-bromobenzoic acid (1.0 g) is dissolved in 20 ml dichloromethane. After addition to a separatory funnel, the dichloromethane solution is treated with 20 ml 3.0 M NaOH solution. After the layers are separated, which layer(s) will contain an organic compound (non-solvent)? What would happen if the aqueous layer is treated with 20 ml 3.0 M HCl?Which of the following would be effective in separating iso-butanol and cyclopentane? iso-Butanol boiling point: 108 °C Cyclopentane boiling point: 49.2 °C both simple and fractional distillation fractional distillation simple distillation none of the aboveBy using hexane and methanol as your solvents, determine each structure to which solvent it has the highest solubility.