A vertical long-run aggregate supply curve shows that: (a) wages and prices are sticky. (b) changes in technology do not affect the productive capacity of the economy. (c) the availability of resources does not affect the productive capacity of the economy. (d) changes in the price level do not affect the full employment productive capacity of the economy
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A vertical long-run
(a) wages and prices are sticky.
(b) changes in technology do not affect the productive capacity of the economy.
(c) the availability of resources does not affect the productive capacity of the economy.
(d) changes in the
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- According to the Congressional Budget Office's projections, real GDP in 2007 was marginally higher than real potential GDP. If potential GDP is correctly assessed, then during that period : (A) the economy was on its long run aggregate supply curve. (B) the economy was to the left of its long run aggregate supply curve. (C) the economy was slightly to the right of its long run aggregate supply curve.Which of the following would cause a leftward shift of aggregate demand?(a) An expectation of increased business regulation and restrictions on the use of technology causes a decrease in investment spending.(b) A decrease in interest rates causes an increase in investment spending.(c) A depreciation of the domestic currency on foreign exchange markets causes an increase in net exports.(d) A decrease in income tax rates results in more disposable income for households and increased consumer spending.(a) Suppose the natural rate of unemployment for the economy is 5 percent and the economy is currently experiencing an 8 percent unemployment rate. Explain what will likely happen to wages and prices as the economy adjusts to the long-run equilibrium. (b) Using the information below, explain the adjustments that will be taken by firms and workers to move the economy to a long-run equilibrium, specifically in terms of costs of production, real and nominal wages, and prices of products. Assume that firms and workers have adaptive expectations. The current unemployment rate = 4%. The natural rate of unemployment = 5%. Last year's inflation rate = 2%. This year's inflation rate = 3%. (c) The workers in the oil and gas industry in Alberta are paid an average of $68.50 per hour, and through their collective bargaining agreement, they have incorporated a 3.5 percent annual raise in their contracts to account for anticipated inflation. Suppose there is unexpected inflation of 2.8% percent…
- Which circumstance would contribute to a relatively flat slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve?(a) An increase in investment spending on residential construction causes an increase in wages for skilled carpenters.(b) An increase in foreign tourists coming to the United States causes an increase in prices of lodging at resort destinations.(c) A high number of vacancies in a shopping mall allows retail tenants to take on larger spaces with no increase in rent.(d) An increase in consumption spending on home furnishings allows furniture stores to reduce the number of promotional discounts offered.4) For each outcome below, tell what type of shift must have taken place in either the aggregate demand curve or the long-run aggregate supply curve. (a) In the short run, the price level is unchanged and output rises. (b) In the long run, the price level declines and output is unchanged. (c) In the long run, the price level rises and output decline.Part (e) of the following question: Assume that a country’s economy is in long-run equilibrium. (a) Using a correctly labeled graph of aggregate demand, short-run aggregate supply, and long-run aggregate supply, show the short-run equilibrium price level, labeled PL1, and output level, labeled Y1. (b) Assume that increased uncertainty has reduced business orders for equipment. What is the impact of the change in business orders on each of the following in the short run? (i) Aggregate demand. Explain. (ii) Employment (c) Based on the change in business orders, what will happen to the long-run economic growth rate? Explain. (d) Using a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market, show the effect of the change in business orders on the real interest rate in the country in the short run. (e) Given the effect on the real interest rate identified in part (d), what will happen to each of the following? (i) The supply of the country’s currency on the foreign…
- (a) Suppose the price level in an economy rises while the money wage rate remains constant. What happens to the quantity of real GDP supplied. How will this affect the aggregate supply or aggregate demand curve? What if the potential GDP increases? Which aggregate curve is affected and how? (b) Planned Real GDP Consumption Investment $1,000 $100 1,900 100 2,800 100 3,700 100 $1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Government Purchases Net Exports $150 -$50 150 -50 150 -50 150 -50 From the table data provided, answer the following questions. The numbers in the table are in billions of dollars. Show all calculations. a. What is the equilibrium level of real GDP? b. What is the Marginal Propensity to Consume? c. What is the multiplier value in this economy? d. If potential GDP is $4,000 billion, is the economy at full employment? If not, what is the condition of the economy? e. If the economy is not at full employment, by how much should government spending increase so that the economy can move to the…Suppose firms become very optimistic about future business conditions and invest heavily in new capital equipment. (a) Draw an AD-AS diagram to show the short-run effect of this optimism on the economy. Label the new levels of prices and output. (b) Use the diagram from part (a) to show the new long-run equilibrium of the economy. Explain in words why how the new long-run equilibrium is achieved.Suppose that firms become very pessimistic about future business conditions and cut heavily on investment in capital equipment. Show the long-run equilibrium of the economy. Explain what happens to Price level and Quantity of Output in the long run equilibrium. Explain in words why the aggregate quantity of output demanded changes between the short run and the long run. [No policy involvement]
- As a result of a decrease in the value of the dollar in relation to other currencies, American imports decrease and exports increase. Consequently, there is a(n): a. decrease in the quantity of aggregate output supplied in the short run. b. increase in short-run aggregate supply. c. decrease in the quantity of aggregate output demanded. d. increase in aggregate demand.(1) Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is a sharp increase in the expected price level, what do we expect to happen? Select one: (A) In the short run, the SRAS curve will shift left, real GDP and price will fall. (B) In the short run, SRAS will shift right, real GDP will rise and prices will fall. (C) In the short run, AD will shift left, real GDP and prices will fall. (D) In the short run, LRAS and SRAS will shift left, causing real GDP to fall.Using graphical illustration of AS-AD framework, show the effects of following events on real output and price level in the economy.( D) The government raises taxes by $100 billion. (E) Government announces an interest rate cut to encourage business investment.