A web browser uses a non-persistent http/1.0 to download (GET) three images of sizes 1 MB, 500 KB and 100 KB on a 1MB/sec link (1
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Networking Model
Networking is a method of linking two or more devices in order to share data, give technical support, and communicate. It refers to the communication between connected computing devices such as desktops, laptops, smartphones, servers, and tablets and also Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as cameras, doorbells, door locks, and various sensors.
Design of the Network System
For a medium and a large scale business around the globe computers and networking plays a major role. With the access of these digital components hardware, all the necessities are interconnected and thus business runs smoothly. As the daily consumption rate of a product is increasing day by day thus the networking factor or the network design of a business is also becoming more complex.
Networking
Networking refers to the communication shared between a group of computers. A group of computers connected to each other for the purpose of sharing resources and information is called a computer network. The first computer network was ARPANET, which stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
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- Suppose we have a web page which contains 10 objects including: a html main file, 8 jpg image, and a .mp3 background music. For simplicity, assume each of the 10 objects has a size of 4 Kbits and that each object can be completely transferred in one TCP packet. Furthermore, assume the round-trip time between the server and client is RTT= 250 ms, and the download rate is 1 Mbps. What will be the time it takes to complete transferring the web page running in the non-persistent mode? Total delay = msDownload delays for 100 objects (HTTP 1.1 with browser caching). Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 2 seconds. Suppose the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 seconds, as shown below for the first of these 100 requests. initiate TCP connection RTT request file RTT file received time You can assume that any other HTTP message not containing an object sent by the client and server has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client makes 100 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. 352 secs Using HTTP 1.1, how much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object, assuming the client uses the IF- MODIFIED-SINCE header line, and 50% of the objects requested have not changed since the client downloaded them (before these 100 downloads are performed)? 350 secs 252 secs time to…Suppose within your web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that three DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS. The first DNS server visited is the local DNS cache, with an RTT delay of RTT = 4 msecs. The second and third DNS servers contacted have RTTs of 45 and 24 msecs, respectively. Initially, let's suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount of HTML text. Suppose the RTT between the local host and the Web server containing the object is RTTHTTP = 9 msecs. Assuming zero transmission time for the HTML object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives the object? (Do not forget the TCP handshake(s).) 82 msecs O 91 msecs O 46 msecs O 67 msecs
- In a bit-oriented link-layer protocol, the start and end of a frame are each marked by a flag, which is a sequence of exactly 6 consecutive 1 bits. Bit stuffing is used during the rest of the frame: after sending 5 consecutive 1 bits, a 0 is added. The bits below contain an example frame, with the leftmost bit received first. The content of the frame is a sequence of bytes, sent most significant bit first. Put the values of the first four bytes of the frame content, in order, in the four answer boxes below. You may enter the values in either decimal (e.g. 76, 123) or hexadecimal (e.g. 2a, f7). 00101011111010001111110011100111110000111101111101010110100010010011111101101100100 57−240−123−229Consider a simple application-level protocol built on top of UDP that allows a client to retrieve a file from a remote server residing at a well-known address. The client first sends a request with a file name, and the server responds with a sequence of data packets containing different parts of the requested file. To ensure reliability and sequenced delivery, client and server use a stop-and-wait protocol. Ignoring the obvious performance issue, do you see a problem with this protocol? Think carefully about the possibility of processes crashing.Consider the operation of downloading a Web page consisting of an index page that references 7 JPEG objects. Utilizing HTTP/1.0 with no parallel connection capability, the number of RTTS required to download the page is One possible correct answer is: 16
- Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 1 seconds. Suppose the time seconds. server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 initiate TCP connection RTT request file RTT. time to -transmit file file received time time You can assume that any other HTTP message not containing an object sent by the client and server has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client makes 30 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. Using HTTP 1.1, how much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object?3. Consider a simple application-level protocol built on top of UDP that allows a client to retrieve a file from a remote server residing at a well-known address. The client first sends a request with a file name, and the server responds with a sequence of data packets containing different parts of the requested file. To ensure reliability and sequenced delivery, client and server use a stop-and-wait protocol. Ignoring the obvious performance issue, do you see a problem with this protocol? Think carefully about the possibility of processing crashing. State conclusion: Provide Proof: Solution:Consider a simple UDP-based protocol for requesting files (based somewhat loosely on the Trivial File Transport Protocol, or TFTP). The client sends an initial file request, and the server answers (if the file can be sent) with the first data packet. Client and server then continue with a stop-and-wait transmission mechanism. (a) Describe a scenario by which a client might request one file but get another; you may allow the client application to exit abruptly and be restarted with the same port. (b) Propose a change in the protocol that will make this situation much less likely.
- In this programming assignment, you will implement a decentralized peer-to-peer network architec-ture (P2P), including the basic implementation of the BitTorrent protocol (BTP). General P2P architec-tures can be classified into centralized and decentralized, In P2P centralized architectures, new peers senda request to the Traker (normally done via HTTP) requesting a list containing all the IP addresses ofthe peers that are already connected to the P2P network sharing the same file. The tracker then, replieswith a response containing such list. In P2P decentralized architecture, each peer is also a Traker, and itcan share only limited resources because it only sees the partial network. On the other hand, P2P decen-tralized networks avoid single point of failure since they do not depend of centralized trackers. Examplesof P2P applications that are/were implementing centralizing architectures are Nasper, the Berkeley OpenNetwork Infrastructure (BOINC) and some versions of BitTorrent.…Suppose Alice with a Web-based e-mail account (such as Gmail) sends it message to Bob, who accesses his mail from his mail server using POP3. Discuss how the message gets from Alice's host to Bob's host. Be sure to list the series of application -layer protocols that are used to movethe message between the two hosts.Consider an HTTP server and client as shown in the figure below. Suppose that the RTT delay between the client and server is 13 msecs; the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 1 msecs. Any other HTTP message not containing an object has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client again makes 106 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. Assume the client is using HTTP 1.1 and the IF-MODIFIED-SINCE header line. Assume 47% of the objects requested have NOT changed since the client downloaded them (before these 106 downloads are performed). Clients RTT delay: t Transmission delay: ta Intemet APACHE Server How much time elapses (in milliseconds) between the client transmitting the first request, and the completion of the last request?