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- a. Explain why most immune reactions result in a polyclonalcollection of antibodies.b. How do monoclonal antibodies differ from this?c. Describe several applications of monoclonals in medicine.a. Describe what could be summarized as the three Rs of immunity:recognize, react, remember.b. Why would it be necessary for the T cells to bind both antigen andself (MHC) receptors?a. Describe the main elements of the process through which the immune system distinguishes self from nonself. b. How is surveillance of the tissues carried out? c. What is responsible for this surveillance? d. What does the term foreign mean in reference to the immune system?
- a. Define epitope; compare polyclonal antibodies to monoclonal antibodies. b. Describe an immunoassay (and the steps involved) in which you could detect the presence of a particular antigen. c. Describe an immunoassay (and the steps involved) in which you could detect the presence of a particular antibody.Briefly explain acquired immunity.Explain the difference between cell-mediated (cellular) immunity and antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity.
- Briefly describe the inflammatory response process.A. In a table give three differences between antigen and antibodies B. Explain the structure of the antibody molecule C. Discuss the differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells involved in each process as they tackle pathogens. You should write no more than 450 words.Clinical Application: Immune System and Autoimmunity Disease Lymphocytes may be involved in two major types of responses to the presence of potentially threatening foreign substances. In anti- body-mediated immunity, B lymphocytes may produce antibodies that react with specific antigens on an invading cell or molecule. In cell-mediated immunity, T lymphocytes secrete lymphokines that signal other immune responses and often destroy antigen- containing cells directly. The antibody-antigen reactions associated with immune responses have been used by clinical biologists for years. Several examples are given. Think about each example and answer the questions. 1. Biologists often use antibodies to test for the presence of certain antigens in a particular substance. In Lab Exercise 33- Hormones and Lab Exercise 34-Blood, you witnessed demon- strations of this technique. For each antigen listed, indicate the substance tested (e.g., blood, urine) and give a brief summary of the…
- Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and T cells in those systems. Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope. Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell. Diagram the structures of antibodies and discuss their functions. Explain the differences between primary and secondary antibody responses. Describe the role of memory B cells during an antibody response. Explain the two major types of T cells.Explain the meaning of an immune response. List two general components of the immune system. Discuss the role of T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes. Differentiate between an antigen and an antibody. Name examples of lymphoid tissue. List some cells and chemicals that enhance the function of the immune system. Discuss the function of the complement cascade. Name three types of immunity, describing how each develops. Discuss techniques for detecting immune disorders. Describe the role of the nurse when caring for a client with an immune disorder.Discuss the role and significance of macrophages in immunity.