A. How would a virus look under darkfield microscopy? B. Before a virulent virus can undergo biosynthesis, what stages must this virus complete?
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- a. If you were involved in developing an antiviral drug, what wouldbe some important considerations? (Can a drug “kill” a virus?)b. How could multiplication be blocked?Considering that each virus must bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, explain how you would create a drug that prevents viral attachment.Consider the separate stages of an animal virus life cycle. Assemble a short list of structures and processes that are unique to the virus and would make good drug targets for an antiviral agent. Explain your rationale for each choice.
- Match the best possible fit for the following Animal virus replication stages. A. Attachment B. Uncoating C. Release select 1. Virus binds to specific or non-specific cell receptors. select - 2. Enzymes degrade the viral capsid select - 3. Budding processes and transport vesicles are crucial for this stage.A. How does soap kill coronavirus? B. Why virus can not be washed off with water along? C. Why soap works better than hand sanitizer when killing viruses?Include the steps in the correct order from attachment to lysis. How does this differ from the virus replication cycle in animals? Explain the difference between lytic cycle, lysogeny and slow release. Also include the bacterial defense mechanism bacteria have developed to prevent infection by a virus. How is this bacterial defense now being used to modify genetic codes in humans, include CRISPR in your discussion. Explain the growth curve of a virus and what phase is the coronal virus in the present pandemic?
- Explain the role receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) plays in virus replication (lytic cycle).Besides the virus escaping the cell through lysis or exocytosis what are two other effects a virus could have on the host cell. Give support to your answer with two examples and explanation of each.During viral infection, attachment is usually specific to a particular celltype becausea. the virus is attracted to the appropriate host cells by proteinssecreted into the extracellular fluid.b. the virus recognizes and binds to specific molecules in thecytoplasm of the host cell.c. the virus recognizes and binds to specific molecules on the surfaceof the host cell.d. the host cell produces channel proteins that provide passageways forviruses to enter the cytoplasm.e. the virus releases specific proteins that make holes in the membranelarge enough for the virus to enter.
- If a viral host cell has a mutation that interferes with the addition of carbohydrates to proteins (glycoproteins) during processing in the Golgi apparatus, which of the following processes is most likely to occur? O A. Viruses released by that host cell would have a decreased ability to infect cells than the virus that originally infected the cell. B. The virus-encoded protease would be unable to cleave large viral proteins into smaller, functional polypeptides. OC. The virus would be unable to replicate within the host cell. D. Viruses released by that cell are novel and would result in infections with higher mortality rates.Which statements are accurate regarding properties of viruses? Select allthat apply. a. Viruses are cell structures that are compact and economical.b. Viruses represent active molecules outside the host cell.c. The basic structure of a virus is composed simply of a protein shell.d. Viruses do not contain enzymes for most metabolic processes.e. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA.Viruses: a. Describe the structure and composition of viruses. What are three reasons that they are different from cellular organisms? b. Describe what a lysogenic bacteriophage is and how it is different from a lytic bacteriophage. c. Describe what is similar and different about the lifecycle of a non-enveloped DNA animal virus compared to an enveloped animal retrovirus.